Autonomic and Somatic Nervous System Quiz

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What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System?

Sympathetic nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous system

Where does the cell body of the first neuron in an autonomic nerve pathway chain reside?

In the CNS

What type of muscle does the Somatic Nervous System innervate?

Skeletal muscle

What do the efferent neurons of the peripheral nervous system do?

Initiating action potentials in the cell bodies of efferent neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the postganglionic fiber in an autonomic nerve pathway?

Innervates the effector organ Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the peripheral efferent division controls involuntary functions?

Autonomic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the sympathetic nervous system in response to a threat?

To ready the body to fight against or flee from the threat Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the adrenal medulla in enhancing the sympathetic response?

To secrete adrenal hormones into the blood Signup and view all the answers

How does the sympathetic nervous system affect blood pressure?

It elevates blood pressure by generalized vasoconstriction of blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on respiratory airways?

It opens the airways wide to permit maximal airflow Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

To promote 'rest-and-digest' functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the adrenal medulla's hormonal output ratio of norepinephrine to epinephrine?

20% norepinephrine, 80% epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main neurotransmitters that bind to adrenergic receptors?

Norepinephrine and epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

How are adrenergic receptors further subclassified?

Alpha (α) and Beta (β) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system innervates the skeletal muscle?

Somatic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

Where are the cell bodies of almost all motor neurons located?

Ventral horn of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Involuntary coordination of muscle movements occurs in which brain centers?

Lower brain centers Signup and view all the answers

What is the neurotransmitter discussed in relation to the Neuromuscular junction?

NMJ Signup and view all the answers

What are the anatomical differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Different length pre and postganglionic axons, Different location of ganglia, Different receptors, Different neurotransmitters for postganglionic neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of varicosities in autonomic fibers?

Varicosities release neurotransmitter over a large area of the innervated organ. Signup and view all the answers

Where do preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate?

Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ganglia in the sympathetic nervous system?

Synapsing point for preganglionic and postganglionic neurons Signup and view all the answers

How does autonomic activity differ from somatic activity?

Autonomic activity typically influences whole organs instead of discrete cells. Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter is used by preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Acetylcholine (ACh) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of dual innervation in visceral organs?

Most visceral organs are innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers. Signup and view all the answers

Where do postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system terminate?

In or near the effector organ Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is received from baroreceptors?

Baroreceptors monitor blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chemoreceptors in the body?

Chemoreceptors monitor the protein or fat content of ingested food. Signup and view all the answers

What is the neurotransmitter used by postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system?

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Signup and view all the answers

How is afferent information from the viscera used in the body?

Afferent information from the viscera directs the activity of autonomic efferent neurons to regulate visceral activities. Signup and view all the answers