45 Questions
What is the characteristic of autacoids in terms of their production and action?
Produced locally, act locally and metabolized locally
What is the effect of histamine on the heart?
Increases IC Ca2+ influx into cardiac cells
What is the effect of histamine on vascular smooth muscle?
Vasodilation
What is the process by which L-histidine is converted to histamine?
Decarboxylation
What is the effect of histamine on the smooth muscles of the bronchi?
Contraction
What is the effect of histamine on gastric acid secretion?
Increased gastric acid secretion
What is the receptor subtype involved in the brain and peripheral nerves?
H3
What is the enzyme responsible for the degradation of histamine in the liver?
Diamine oxidase
What is the function of histamine in the CNS?
Neurotransmitter
What is the clinical manifestation of histamine action on lungs?
Asthma-like symptoms
What is the effect of histamine on CNS?
Wakefulness
What is the effect of histamine on the GIT?
Regulation of acid secretion
What is the mechanism of histamine-induced edema?
All of the above
What is the effect of histamine on the arterioles and post-capillary venule bed?
Dilation
What is the effect of histamine on the uterus?
Contraction
What is the receptor subtype involved in allergic responses?
H4
What is the mechanism of anaphylaxis?
IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation
What is the effect of histamine on heart?
Increased inotropism and chronotropism
What is the result of the activation of the immune system?
Sensitization of mast cells
What is the effect of receptor crosslinking on mast cells?
Degranulation
What is the result of systemic vasodilation?
Decrease in blood pressure
What is the effect of histamine on airways?
Severe bronchoconstriction
What is the mechanism of action of H1 antagonists?
Competitive antagonists of H1 receptors
What is the effect of administering antihistamines?
Inhibition of histamine action
What is the mechanism of action of Cromolyn and Nedocromil?
Prevention of mast cell degranulation
What is the effect of functional antagonists of histamine?
Inhibition of histamine action
What is the most frequently used approach to inhibit histamine action?
Administering antihistamines
What is the effect of ACE inhibition on bradykinin levels?
Increased levels
What is the role of the B1 receptor?
Chronic pain and inflammation
What is the primary ligand for the B2 and B1 receptors?
Bradykinin
What is the effect of bradykinin on bronchoconstriction receptors?
Stimulation
Which receptor is constitutively expressed?
B2 receptor
What is the effect of Gi on adenylate cyclase?
Inhibition
What is the effect of Gq on phospholipase C?
Stimulation
What is the receptor family to which B1 and B2 receptors belong?
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family
What is the recent discovery about the kinin B1 receptor?
Recruits neutrophil
What is the function of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in the body?
To degrade PAF
Which cells are primarily involved in producing PAF?
Platelets, endothelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages
What is the effect of PAF on vascular permeability?
It increases vascular permeability
What is the role of PAF in inflammation?
It is a potent mediator of inflammation
What is the effect of PAF on platelets?
It induces platelet aggregation and degranulation
What is the function of CV-3988?
It is a PAF antagonist
Which enzyme is involved in the metabolism of SM-12502?
CYP2A6
What is the clinical significance of high PAF levels?
They are associated with a variety of medical conditions
What is rupatadine?
An antihistamine and PAF antagonist
Learn about autacoids, locally produced modulating factors that influence cell and tissue function. Understand their production, action, and metabolism, as well as their autocrine and paracrine effects. Test your knowledge of these important biological compounds!
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