Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which statement best describes the basic economic question that all economies need to answer?
Which statement best describes the basic economic question that all economies need to answer?
What is a significant benefit of exports for Australia's economy?
What is a significant benefit of exports for Australia's economy?
What are 'leakages' in the circular flow of the economy?
What are 'leakages' in the circular flow of the economy?
How does a tariff affect consumers?
How does a tariff affect consumers?
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Which of the following defines quotas in international trade?
Which of the following defines quotas in international trade?
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What is one of the effects of COVID-19 on international trade?
What is one of the effects of COVID-19 on international trade?
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What best describes a transnational corporation?
What best describes a transnational corporation?
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How is unemployment calculated?
How is unemployment calculated?
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Study Notes
Trade and Economic Fundamentals
- Australia’s leading trading partner is China, highlighting the significance of bilateral economic relations.
- All economies face foundational questions: what to produce, how to produce, and for whom.
- Exports refer to the sale of goods and services to other nations, contributing to national income.
- Imports involve purchasing goods and services from foreign entities, impacting domestic markets.
Economic Goals
- The Australian government's target for GDP and economic growth is set between 3% to 3.5%.
- Exporting goods and services enhances Australia’s wealth and fosters job creation, boosting overall economic wellbeing.
- Increased employment leads to higher consumer spending, which enables government investment in health, education, and public infrastructure.
Economic Dynamics
- Circular flow model includes:
- Leakages: savings, imports, and taxes that remove funds from the economy.
- Injections: exports, government spending, and investments that add funds to the economy.
Unemployment Insights
- Unemployment refers to individuals aged 15 and older actively seeking jobs, calculated using the formula: (Labor force / total population) * 100.
Impacts of COVID-19
- Lockdowns resulted in reduced business operations, decreasing income and consumption.
- Restrictions on borders led to a fall in both imports and exports, disrupting trade routes.
Trade Policies
- Tariffs: Taxes on imports that raise prices for consumers, disadvantaging foreign products while benefitting domestic producers.
- Quotas: Limits on the quantity of foreign goods allowed into a country, providing predictability for local producers.
Supply Chain
- Supply chains involve a sequence: Supply → Manufacturing → Marketing → Distribution → Retail.
- Disruptions in any part of this chain can significantly impact overall supply and availability of goods.
Transnational Corporations
- Transnational corporations operate across multiple countries, viewing their operations as a global business rather than being tied to one nation.
Economic Policies
- Fiscal policy, managed by the government, aims to stimulate the economy through infrastructure projects and job creation.
- Monetary policy, overseen by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), involves adjusting interest rates to influence economic activity.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Australia's top trading partners, the fundamental economic questions, and the impact of exports and imports on the economy. Explore how these factors contribute to the GDP growth target set by the Australian government and who benefits from exporting goods and services.
