Australian Slang Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What can forms like 'up' and 'down' become?

  • Verbs (correct)
  • Nouns
  • Adjectives
  • Adverbs

    • What is the typical source of new terms in English?

  • Literary works
  • Scientific discoveries
  • Historical events
  • Trade names for commercial products (correct)

    • What is the term for words based on the name of a person or a place?

  • Acronym
  • Neologism
  • Eponym (correct)
  • Coinage

    • What is an example of a word that has undergone conversion and has a negative sense?

    <p>Doctor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the word 'google'?

    <p>A misspelling of the word 'googol'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a word that has become a widely used expression meaning 'to use the internet to find information'?

    <p>Google</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen to the meaning of words when they undergo conversion?

    <p>They shift substantially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an older example of coinage?

    <p>Aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the language spoken in Laos, South-East Asia, used as an example?

    <p>Khmu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is added to verbs to form nouns in Khmu?

    <p>The infix -rn-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the corresponding verb to the noun 'srnal' in Khmu?

    <p>to put an ornament in the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that has become a common American English expression?

    <p>Deli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for reducing a word of one type to form a word of another type?

    <p>Backformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves combining 'snow' and 'ball' to form the noun 'snowball'?

    <p>Compounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a change in the function of a word without any reduction?

    <p>Conversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the verb 'televise'?

    <p>From the noun 'television'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of backformation from 'laser'?

    <p>Lase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for shortening words, as in 'Aussie' for 'Australian'?

    <p>Colloquialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of process involves the operation of more than one process?

    <p>Multiple processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the verb 'edit'?

    <p>From the noun 'editor'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of the examples of words in Khmu?

    <p>Merrifield et al. (2003)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pattern of backformation that creates verbs from nouns ending in -er?

    <p>Worker - work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the verb 'babysit'?

    <p>From the noun 'babysitter'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym WASP stand for?

    <p>White Anglo-Saxon Protestant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What suffix is added to 'young urban professional' to produce the word yuppie?

    <p>-ie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the acronym YIPPY?

    <p>Youth International Party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to noisy young professionals?

    <p>Yappies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the generally accepted test of the “arrival” of recently formed words in a language?

    <p>Their inclusion in a dictionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was criticized for citing words like advocate and test as verbs, and for including such “vulgar” words as advisory and presidential?

    <p>Noah Webster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was Noah Webster's first dictionary published?

    <p>1806</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason yuppies are related to yippies?

    <p>Because they both were formed by analogy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Indonesian word for 'health'?

    <p>kesehatan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of word-formation process is illustrated in the Indonesian examples?

    <p>Circumfixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the translation of 'availability' in Indonesian?

    <p>ketersediaan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the corresponding Indonesian word for 'happiness'?

    <p>kebahagiaan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Hmong word for 'internet search'?

    <p>tswvtxhais</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the circumfix used in Indonesian word-formation?

    <p>ke- and -an</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the translation of 'just/fair' in Indonesian?

    <p>adil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Hmong speakers need to create new words?

    <p>They encountered new objects and experiences in the USA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Word Formation Processes

    • Aussie, barbie, bickie, bookie, brekky, hankie, and toastie are examples of clipped words in Australian English.
    • Backformation is a process where a word of one type is reduced to form a word of another type, usually a noun to a verb.
    • Examples of backformation include televise (from television), donate (from donation), emote (from emotion), and liaise (from liaison).
    • The verb backform is also a backformation, as it was created from the process of backformation itself.

    Conversion

    • Conversion is a change in the function of a word, such as when a noun becomes a verb without any reduction.
    • Examples of conversion include up and down becoming verbs, as in "They're going to up the price of oil" or "We downed a few beers at the Chimes".
    • Some words can shift substantially in meaning when they go through conversion, such as the verb to doctor often having a negative sense.

    Coinage

    • Coinage is the invention and general use of totally new terms, often from trade names for commercial products that become general terms.
    • Examples of coinage include aspirin, nylon, vaseline, zipper, granola, kleenex, teflon, and xerox.
    • Google is a contemporary example of coinage, originally a misspelling of the word googol, which became a widely used expression meaning "to use the internet to find information".

    Eponyms

    • Eponyms are new words based on the name of a person or a place.
    • Examples of eponyms can be found in the Khmu language, where verbs are converted to nouns by adding the infix -rn-.

    Multiple Processes

    • Multiple processes can be involved in the creation of a particular word, such as borrowing, clipping, compounding, and conversion.
    • Examples of multiple processes include the term deli, which was borrowed from German and then clipped, and the word snowball, which was formed through compounding and then converted to a verb.
    • Acronyms can also go through other processes, such as backformation, as in the use of lase as a verb from the acronym LASER.
    • Analogy can also play a role in word formation, as in the creation of the word yuppie, which was formed by analogy with the earlier word hippie.

    Indonesian Examples

    • In Indonesian, the circumfix ke- -an is used to form nouns from adjectives, as in besar (big) becoming kebesaran (bigness).
    • The circumfix is used for the word-formation process of derivation.

    Hmong Examples

    • Hmong speakers created new words for objects and experiences they encountered in the USA, such as using the word "tv" to refer to a television.
    • Examples of Hmong expressions include translations provided by Bruce Downing and Judy Fuller.

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    Test your knowledge of Australian slang words and phrases, from 'barbie' to 'sickie'.

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