30 Questions
What percentage of Earth's water is fresh and potentially suitable for drinking, food production, energy, and industrial uses?
3%
How much water does it take to generate the food that the average Westerner consumes in one day?
3000 litres
Which region has faced a significant 'water flash-point' due to damming of the Nile's upper reaches?
Middle East
What was the cause of Israel's 1967 bombing of Syria?
Syria attempted to divert the headwaters of the Jordan river
What percentage of the world's population does not have easy access to fresh water?
More than 40%
According to the text, what is the level of household water usage per person per day for the average Westerner?
400 litres (1.6 bath tubs)
What is the most common reason for referral to drug treatment services in Australia?
Alcohol related problems
How much does alcohol abuse/misuse cost per year in Australia?
Around 15 Billion dollars
What percentage of all violent offences are committed under the influence of alcohol?
Approximately 35%
How much higher is the rate of excessive alcohol consumption in Indigenous Australians compared to others?
2-3 times higher
How many people were verbally abused according to the yearly ABS victims of crime survey?
1.5 million people
What is the total number of hospitalisations due to alcohol's yearly adverse health impacts in Australia (averaged over the last decade)?
252,710
What percentage of the global population lacked access to safe drinking water as of 2017?
20%
At what water deficit percentage does severe fatigue ensue?
5-8%
What can cause thirst according to the text?
Loss of fluid from within and outside cells
What behavior can cause animals to consume up to 50% of their bodyweight in water?
SIP (Schedule Induced Polydipsia)
What percentage of chronic psychiatric patients are polydipsic according to the text?
20-25%
When can dehydration cause death according to the text?
When water deficit is between 15-25% of bodyweight
What is a strong indicator of water deficit according to the text?
Saliva levels in the mouth
Which brain area is suggested as responsible for thirst?
Hypothalamus
What plays a role in the subjective sensation of thirst?
Insula cortex
What is responsible for regulating water retention?
Hypothalamus
What detects changes in blood pressure and releases hormones affecting drinking behavior?
Kidneys
What is a central mechanism involved in the sensation of thirst and drinking behavior?
Specific cells in the hypothalamus
What does the word 'alcohol' derive from?
Arabic for 'something subtle'
In which century did the pub become the focal point of alcohol consumption in Sydney?
19th century
What is Australia's rank in the world in terms of per capita alcohol consumption?
23rd
What are some positives of alcohol consumption in Australia mentioned in the text?
Tax revenues averaging around 6 billion dollars per year
During which period did alcohol consumption fall to a low of 2.5 liters per person?
Great Depression
What poses challenges for public health, especially with marketing and taste directed at novice and underage drinkers?
Advent of pre-mixed drinks
Study Notes
Alcohol Consumption and Drinking Culture in Australia
- The lecture involves examining alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption, and the addictive nature of certain foods.
- The word "alcohol" derives from Arabic for "something subtle," with evidence of brewing dating back to the Neolithic period.
- Australian national identity is associated with heavy alcohol consumption, with the myth of the heavy drinking Australian being part of the national identity.
- Drinking in the early days of the colony was similar to that in most other Anglo-Saxon countries, with alcohol having devastating effects on Indigenous Australians.
- During the 1800s, the pub became the focal point of alcohol consumption, with Sydney having one pub for every 100 Sydneysiders in 1837.
- Australia is ranked 23rd in the world in terms of per capita alcohol consumption, with a shift from beer to wine and the advent of pre-mixed drinks.
- Positives of alcohol consumption in Australia include tax revenues averaging around 6 billion dollars per year, reducing cardiovascular deaths, and acting as a pleasurable experience.
- Negatives include a significant percentage of people drinking at a rate likely to cause harm and engaging in binge drinking, especially among the 20-29 age group.
- Alcohol was used as payment for labor, sexual favors, and entertainment for Indigenous Australians.
- During the 1900s, with urbanization and industrialization, alcohol consumption fell to a low of 2.5 liters during the Great Depression.
- Current alcohol consumption is around 9 liters per person, with variations across different regions and communities.
- The advent of pre-mixed drinks poses challenges for public health, especially with marketing and taste directed at novice and underage drinkers.
Explore the history and culture of alcohol consumption in Australia with this informative quiz. Test your knowledge on the evolution of drinking habits, societal impacts, and the current state of alcohol consumption in the country.
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