Auditory Perception I

<p>Recognizing multiple sound components that are related harmonically as one sound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combining sounds that occur in a sequence over time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wavelength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pinnae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differences in air pressure from sound waves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To amplify vibrations from the eardrum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cochlea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saturate at low intensities and cannot increase further (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher rate of firing in auditory nerve fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can get damaged, leading to hearing loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amplitude must increase by a factor of 3.16 to affect loudness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental frequency of the sound. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Timbre differentiates sounds even if they have the same pitch. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binaural cues using both ears. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The time it takes sound to reach each ear. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing interaural level differences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precedence effect. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It diminishes the loudness perceived in one ear. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phase of the sound wave. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons must fire at specific times. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Missing fundamental illusion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differences in loudness and frequency distribution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They localize sound by the intensity and echo patterns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Curve representing decibels for differing frequencies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain merges all sounds into one. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To convert vibrations into electrical signals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ossicles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cause it to vibrate more intensely (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Displacement of fluid in the cochlea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transducing electrical signals to the auditory nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overstimulation of hair cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oval window (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their firing rate increases steadily with increased sound intensity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low frequencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should increase by a factor of 3.16. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase locking property (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Harmonics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The frequency of the fundamental frequency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The duration of the sound event (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Place code (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They fire rapidly even with low-intensity sounds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increase in amplitude does not result in a linear increase in loudness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The experience we have when we hear.

Changes in air pressure caused by object vibrations.

Changes in air pressure forming a perfect sinusoidal wave.

The difference between the peak and trough of a sound wave.

The distance between two peaks of a sound wave.

The number of sound wave cycles per second.

The visible part of the ear that collects sound waves.

The tunnel-like structure that protects the middle ear and takes sound waves to the brain.

The process of separating and grouping different sound sources in a complex auditory environment.

Combining different sound frequencies that occur at the same time, especially if they are likely caused by the same event.

Grouping sounds that occur in a sequence over time based on factors like pitch, proximity, timbre, and continuity.

The tendency to perceive sounds as originating from the same source if their frequencies change simultaneously.

The ability to combine or separate sequences of sounds based on similarity, proximity, timbre, and other factors.

The loudness of a sound is not directly proportional to the amplitude of the sound wave. To perceive a doubling in loudness, the amplitude needs to increase by a factor of 3.16.

The curve that shows how many decibels are needed for sounds at different frequencies to be perceived equally. It represents our auditory sensitivity at different frequencies.

The specific area on the basilar membrane that vibrates is determined by the frequency of the sound. Higher frequencies vibrate the base, while lower frequencies vibrate the apex.

The timing of neuronal firing in the auditory nerve is crucial for pitch perception. Neurons fire in sync with the peaks of the sound wave.

The lowest frequency component of a sound determines the overall pitch we perceive. Different instruments can have the same pitch but differ in their timbre.

The unique quality of a sound that allows us to distinguish between different instruments even if they are playing the same pitch.

Higher frequency sounds layered on top of the fundamental frequency that contribute to timbre. Their number, frequency ratios, and amplitudes make each instrument sound unique.

Even when the fundamental frequency is removed from a sound, we can still perceive the same pitch due to the brain's ability to infer missing information.

The ability to localize sounds based on differences in the arrival time of sound waves at each ear. It's most effective for low-frequency sounds.

The difference in loudness and frequency distribution between the two ears, caused by the head blocking sound from one side. It's most effective for high-frequency sounds.

A region within the brainstem responsible for processing binaural cues. It contains neurons sensitive to both ITDs and ILDs.

The lateral superior olive (LSO) in the brainstem specifically processes interaural level differences (ILDs).

The medial superior olive (MSO) in the brainstem specifically processes interaural time differences (ITDs).

The limited ability of ITDs and ILDs to identify the exact location of a sound source. This is because multiple locations can produce the same binaural cues.

Monaural cues help us localize sounds in the vertical plane (elevation) and judge the distance of a sound source.

The shape of the pinna (outer ear) filters sound waves, creating unique intensity variations of frequencies that help us determine the elevation of a sound source.

The perceived loudness of a sound decreases with distance. This is a monaural cue that helps us judge distance.

The way sound echoes off objects can help us determine the distance of a sound source. More echoes indicate a farther distance.

The visible part of the ear that collects sound waves.

The small bones in the middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes) that amplify vibrations from the eardrum and transmit them to the inner ear.

A snail-shaped, fluid-filled organ in the inner ear that plays a crucial role in hearing.

The process by which vibrations of the basilar membrane are converted into electrical signals by the organ of Corti, leading to the perception of sound.

Specialized hair cells located in the organ of Corti that play a vital role in auditory transduction.

The loudness of a sound is determined by the rate of firing of auditory nerve fibers. Higher amplitude sounds cause faster firing rates, leading to the perception of a louder sound.

High spontaneous nerve fibers fire rapidly even when there's little to no sound. They saturate quickly, reaching their maximum firing rate even at low sound intensities.

Low spontaneous nerve fibers fire slowly when there's no or low-intensity sound. They saturate slowly, increasing their firing rate as the sound gets louder. This allows them to encode information about loud sounds.

The pitch of a sound is mostly determined by the frequency of the sound wave - specifically, the lowest frequency, known as the fundamental frequency.

Different areas of the basilar membrane vibrate based on the frequency of the sound wave. High frequencies vibrate the base, while low frequencies vibrate the apex.

The timing of auditory nerve firing is synchronized with the peaks of the sound wave. This helps the brain perceive pitch by recognizing the time patterns of neuron firing.

Loudness is not directly proportional to amplitude, meaning a change in amplitude does not always result in proportionate changes in perceived loudness. This is because our auditory system doesn't perceive sound linearly.