Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to Deal (1985), which of the following is NOT an attribute of effective schools with strong cultures?
According to Deal (1985), which of the following is NOT an attribute of effective schools with strong cultures?
- Shared values and consensus on how things are done
- Distinctive rituals representing shared beliefs
- Employees actively questioning and challenging cultural norms (correct)
- The principal as a role model embodying core values
Which characteristic for cultural improvement in schools did Phillips and Wagner (2003) NOT identify?
Which characteristic for cultural improvement in schools did Phillips and Wagner (2003) NOT identify?
- Feeling of ownership and influence over decisions
- Collegiality among adults
- Shared decision-making involving all affected parties
- Celebrating mediocrity to avoid complacency (correct)
Which of the following is a characteristic that Phillips and Wagner (2003) associated with cultural improvement in schools?
Which of the following is a characteristic that Phillips and Wagner (2003) associated with cultural improvement in schools?
- Lack of trust and confidence in leaders
- Experimentation and entrepreneurship (correct)
- Strict adherence to tradition and control
- Discouraging new ideas and inventions
Which of the following is NOT a ritual or characteristic identified by Deal (1985) for effective school cultures?
Which of the following is NOT a ritual or characteristic identified by Deal (1985) for effective school cultures?
Which of the following did Phillips and Wagner (2003) identify as a characteristic for cultural improvement in schools?
Which of the following did Phillips and Wagner (2003) identify as a characteristic for cultural improvement in schools?
According to Deal (1985), which of the following is an attribute of effective schools with strong cultures?
According to Deal (1985), which of the following is an attribute of effective schools with strong cultures?
What aspect is described as the feeling of ownership or capacity to influence decisions?
What aspect is described as the feeling of ownership or capacity to influence decisions?
Which characteristic involves new ideas and inventions flourishing?
Which characteristic involves new ideas and inventions flourishing?
What involves making sure participants keep the vision and avoid trivial tasks?
What involves making sure participants keep the vision and avoid trivial tasks?
Which aspect is related to people feeling special and acting special?
Which aspect is related to people feeling special and acting special?
What involves the integral imagery used to communicate and influence behavior?
What involves the integral imagery used to communicate and influence behavior?
Which aspect emphasizes the acknowledgment of excellence and celebration of improvement?
Which aspect emphasizes the acknowledgment of excellence and celebration of improvement?
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Study Notes
Effective Schools with Strong Cultures
- Eight attributes of effective schools with strong cultures identified by Deal (1985) include:
- Shared values and consensus on how things are done
- Principal as a hero or heroine embodying core values
- Distinctive rituals that embody widely shared beliefs
- Employees as situational heroes or heroines
- Rituals of acculturation and cultural renewal
- Significant rituals to celebrate and transform core values
- Balance between innovation and tradition, and autonomy and control
- Widespread participation in cultural rituals
Characteristics for Cultural Improvement in Schools
- Thirteen possible characteristics for cultural improvement in schools identified by Phillips and Wagner (2003) include:
- Collegiality - the way adults treat each other
- Efficacy - the feeling of ownership or capacity to influence decisions
- High Expectations - excellence is acknowledged, and improvement is celebrated
- Experimentation and Entrepreneurship - new ideas abound, and inventions occur
- Trust and Confidence - participants believe in the leaders and each other
- Tangible Support - efforts at improvement are substantive with abundant resources made available
- Appreciation and Recognition - people feel special and act special
- Humor - caring is expressed through "kidding"
- Shared Decision Making - anyone affected by a decision is involved in making and implementing the decision
- Protecting what is important - participants keep the vision and avoid trivial tasks
- Traditions - celebrations
- Open and Honest Communication - information flows throughout the organization in formal and informal channels
- Metaphors and Stories - evidence of behavior being communicated and influenced by integral imagery
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