Attention and Perception Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of change blindness?

  • The ability to focus on one sound in a noisy environment
  • Failure to hear something while paying attention to something else
  • An auditory phenomenon where sound frequency is processed
  • Missing significant changes in visual environment due to focused attention elsewhere (correct)

What is the cocktail party effect?

The ability to focus your hearing on something specific when there is noise all around you.

What is an external stimulus?

Sensory energy that is detected via the physical senses.

What is inattentional blindness?

<p>The failure to see something that is clearly visible when actively paying attention to something else.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inattentional deafness?

<p>The failure to hear something that is clearly audible when actively paying attention to something else.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an internal stimulus?

<p>Stimuli like memories, thoughts, emotions, dreams, and bodily sensations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is selective attention?

<p>The ability to choose what to allocate one's attention to.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is selective auditory attention?

<p>When you only hear what you are paying attention to.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stroop effect?

<p>The tendency to experience difficulty naming a color when a word is printed in a different color than the one the word spells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Janelle not respond when asked if she would like a cup of juice?

<p>Her attention is focused on the book.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate definition of inattentional blindness?

<p>When someone is paying attention to something else and it causes them to be blind to other things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When someone chooses what to allocate their attention to, it is referred to as ______.

<p>selective attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why we need to notice and ignore certain stimuli?

<p>Survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the ability to choose what to pay attention to important for cognitive development?

<p>It allows us to choose which stimuli are important for our survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups best describes what is unique to the deaf community?

<p>Language and customs shared among deaf people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basilar membrane?

<p>A thin strip of tissue in the cochlea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cochlea?

<p>A small, fluid-filled structure that holds sensory receptor cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are hair cells?

<p>Auditory receptor cells found in the inner ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the incus?

<p>One of the ossicles, shaped like an anvil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the malleus?

<p>One of the ossicles, shaped like a hammer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ossicles?

<p>Three tiny bones that are found in the middle ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pinna?

<p>The visible part of the outer ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is place theory?

<p>Theory of pitch perception stating that different parts of the basilar membranes are sensitive to different frequencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stapes?

<p>One of the ossicles, shaped like a stirrup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is temporal theory?

<p>Theory of pitch perception stating that sound's frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where in the brain is sound processed?

<p>Temporal lobe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theory of pitch perception states that different parts of the basilar membrane are sensitive to different frequencies?

<p>Place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Attention and Perception Concepts

  • Change blindness: A phenomenon where significant visual changes go unnoticed due to focus on another task.
  • Cocktail party effect: The ability to concentrate on a single conversation amid a noisy environment.
  • Inattentional blindness: Failure to perceive visible objects while focused on a different subject.
  • Inattentional deafness: The inability to hear clear sounds when attention is directed elsewhere.
  • Selective attention: The cognitive process of choosing where to focus attention.
  • Selective auditory attention: Hearing only the information one is focusing on, commonly termed as selective hearing.

Stimuli Types

  • External stimulus: Sensory information processed through physical senses.
  • Internal stimulus: Comprises memories, thoughts, emotions, dreams, and bodily sensations.

Cognitive Development

  • Recognizing and filtering stimuli is crucial for survival, assisting in prioritizing significant information during cognitive development.
  • Understanding selective attention is vital for managing what we perceive as important in daily life.

Auditory Anatomy

  • Basilar membrane: A key structure in the cochlea responsible for sound perception.
  • Cochlea: A spiral-shaped, fluid-filled organ in the inner ear containing sensory receptors.
  • Hair cells: Specialized auditory receptors located in the inner ear, crucial for hearing.
  • Ossicles: A trio of tiny bones in the middle ear that amplify sound; includes malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup).
  • Pinna: The outer ear structure that collects sound waves.

Theories of Pitch Perception

  • Place theory: Proposes that different frequencies stimulate distinct areas along the basilar membrane.
  • Temporal theory: Suggests that the frequency of sound is represented by the firing rate of neurons in the auditory system.

Brain Processing

  • Temporal lobe: The specific region of the brain responsible for processing sound.

Practical Examples

  • Attention can diminish responsiveness; e.g., an engrossed reader may not hear questions due to focused attention on their book.

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