Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does attachment theory primarily seek to explain?
What does attachment theory primarily seek to explain?
Who was the original developer of attachment theory?
Who was the original developer of attachment theory?
Which of the following is NOT a goal of the module on attachment theory?
Which of the following is NOT a goal of the module on attachment theory?
What aspect of relationships does attachment theory particularly emphasize?
What aspect of relationships does attachment theory particularly emphasize?
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What is a consequence of secure attachment in adult relationships?
What is a consequence of secure attachment in adult relationships?
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Which statement about attachment patterns is most accurate?
Which statement about attachment patterns is most accurate?
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What core principle is essential to understanding human behavior according to attachment theory?
What core principle is essential to understanding human behavior according to attachment theory?
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Which of the following best describes the purpose of understanding individual differences in attachment security?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of understanding individual differences in attachment security?
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What did Bowlby observe about infants' behavior towards their parents during separation?
What did Bowlby observe about infants' behavior towards their parents during separation?
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Why did some theorists argue that infants are emotionally connected to their mothers?
Why did some theorists argue that infants are emotionally connected to their mothers?
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What did Harlow's research demonstrate about the attachment of young monkeys?
What did Harlow's research demonstrate about the attachment of young monkeys?
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What function does Bowlby suggest the attachment behavioral system serves?
What function does Bowlby suggest the attachment behavioral system serves?
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What might happen if a child perceives their attachment figure as inaccessible?
What might happen if a child perceives their attachment figure as inaccessible?
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What did Mary Ainsworth contribute to the understanding of infant attachment?
What did Mary Ainsworth contribute to the understanding of infant attachment?
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In the strange situation, what behavior did most children exhibit when their parent left?
In the strange situation, what behavior did most children exhibit when their parent left?
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What concept did Bowlby link to the adaptive responses of infants in attachment?
What concept did Bowlby link to the adaptive responses of infants in attachment?
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Which of the following best describes the goal of the attachment behavioral system?
Which of the following best describes the goal of the attachment behavioral system?
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What is the primary way Bowlby believed infants would benefit from proximity to their caregivers?
What is the primary way Bowlby believed infants would benefit from proximity to their caregivers?
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Which statement best represents Bowlby's view of infants' attachment behaviors?
Which statement best represents Bowlby's view of infants' attachment behaviors?
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Which of the following was NOT a behavior Bowlby observed in infants separated from their parents?
Which of the following was NOT a behavior Bowlby observed in infants separated from their parents?
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What does the attachment behavioral system compare to according to Bowlby?
What does the attachment behavioral system compare to according to Bowlby?
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What impact does the perception of a caregiver's availability have on a child’s behavior?
What impact does the perception of a caregiver's availability have on a child’s behavior?
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What percentage of children are typically classified as avoidant in attachment studies?
What percentage of children are typically classified as avoidant in attachment studies?
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What behavior might anxious-resistant children exhibit when reunited with their parents after separation?
What behavior might anxious-resistant children exhibit when reunited with their parents after separation?
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What is one major finding of Ainsworth's research regarding secure children?
What is one major finding of Ainsworth's research regarding secure children?
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Which attachment pattern tends to be associated with parents who provide insensitive care?
Which attachment pattern tends to be associated with parents who provide insensitive care?
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Which of the following behaviors is associated with secure children over time?
Which of the following behaviors is associated with secure children over time?
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What did Hazan and Shaver contribute to the understanding of attachment?
What did Hazan and Shaver contribute to the understanding of attachment?
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What was a key focus of the longitudinal studies conducted by Grossmann and colleagues?
What was a key focus of the longitudinal studies conducted by Grossmann and colleagues?
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What outcome is typically observed in children whose mothers participate in interventions to enhance sensitive responsiveness?
What outcome is typically observed in children whose mothers participate in interventions to enhance sensitive responsiveness?
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What type of care is associated with insecure-avoidant children?
What type of care is associated with insecure-avoidant children?
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How do insecure-avoidant children typically respond to their parents upon reunion?
How do insecure-avoidant children typically respond to their parents upon reunion?
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What impact does the caregiver's ability to support a stressed child have on emotional regulation?
What impact does the caregiver's ability to support a stressed child have on emotional regulation?
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What is a common characteristic of anxious-resistant children?
What is a common characteristic of anxious-resistant children?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of attachment pattern identified by Ainsworth?
Which of the following is NOT a type of attachment pattern identified by Ainsworth?
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What emotional state characterizes secure attachment in children?
What emotional state characterizes secure attachment in children?
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What characterizes individuals who describe themselves as secure in their relationships?
What characterizes individuals who describe themselves as secure in their relationships?
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According to Hazan and Shaver, which statement best reflects the relationship transition that occurs as children grow into adults?
According to Hazan and Shaver, which statement best reflects the relationship transition that occurs as children grow into adults?
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What was the primary finding of Oldmeadow, Quinn, and Kowert's study regarding Facebook use?
What was the primary finding of Oldmeadow, Quinn, and Kowert's study regarding Facebook use?
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What percentage of adults classified themselves as secure according to Hazan and Shaver's findings?
What percentage of adults classified themselves as secure according to Hazan and Shaver's findings?
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Which attachment pattern is characterized by discomfort with intimacy and trust issues?
Which attachment pattern is characterized by discomfort with intimacy and trust issues?
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What role does social media play from an attachment perspective?
What role does social media play from an attachment perspective?
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Which option best describes those who are categorized as anxious-resistant in their attachment style?
Which option best describes those who are categorized as anxious-resistant in their attachment style?
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What behavior is commonly seen in people with avoidant attachment styles?
What behavior is commonly seen in people with avoidant attachment styles?
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What demographic trend was found regarding attachment patterns in Hazan and Shaver's study?
What demographic trend was found regarding attachment patterns in Hazan and Shaver's study?
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What should be the ideal qualities individuals seek in romantic partners, according to the supported research?
What should be the ideal qualities individuals seek in romantic partners, according to the supported research?
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In what way does modern technology, like social media, affect attachment processes?
In what way does modern technology, like social media, affect attachment processes?
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What was a common finding regarding romantic partners based on their attachment styles?
What was a common finding regarding romantic partners based on their attachment styles?
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Which emotional state typically prompts increased Facebook use among anxious individuals?
Which emotional state typically prompts increased Facebook use among anxious individuals?
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Which of the following best describes how adults generally view their relationships when classified as secure?
Which of the following best describes how adults generally view their relationships when classified as secure?
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What is the primary explanation for why secure individuals tend to be attracted to others who are also secure?
What is the primary explanation for why secure individuals tend to be attracted to others who are also secure?
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Which study demonstrated that a partner's change in security can influence their counterpart's security in a relationship?
Which study demonstrated that a partner's change in security can influence their counterpart's security in a relationship?
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What type of relationships do secure individuals tend to have compared to insecure individuals?
What type of relationships do secure individuals tend to have compared to insecure individuals?
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How do early experiences with caregivers influence adult attachment styles according to current research?
How do early experiences with caregivers influence adult attachment styles according to current research?
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What is meant by 'attachment security' in the context of childhood experiences?
What is meant by 'attachment security' in the context of childhood experiences?
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What have longitudinal studies suggested about the impact of maternal sensitivity?
What have longitudinal studies suggested about the impact of maternal sensitivity?
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Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a predictor of secure attachment in adulthood?
Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a predictor of secure attachment in adulthood?
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Which of the following might be a misconception regarding early attachment experiences?
Which of the following might be a misconception regarding early attachment experiences?
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What outcome is associated with higher attachment security in childhood based on peer relationships?
What outcome is associated with higher attachment security in childhood based on peer relationships?
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What does the research suggest about changing one's attachment style over time?
What does the research suggest about changing one's attachment style over time?
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Study Notes
Attachment Theory Overview
- Attachment theory explains close emotional bonds between children and caregivers, impacting personality development.
- Bowlby (1940s) developed the theory, observing infants' distress during separation, linking it to an evolutionary function.
- Early theory suggested distress stemmed from immature defence mechanisms; Bowlby proposed an attachment behavioral system.
- This system, like a thermostat, monitors a child's perceived proximity, accessibility, and attentiveness of their caregiver.
Harlow's Research on Contact Comfort
- Harlow's monkey study (1958) showed infants prioritize comfort (contact) over food provision in bonding with a surrogate mother.
- This supports the theory that emotional bonding is more complex than merely meeting basic needs.
- The bond is rooted in "contact comfort" crucial to infant-caregiver bonds.
Individual Differences in Infant Attachment
- Ainsworth's strange situation (1978) examined individual differences in infant-parent attachments via separation and reunion.
- Key attachment patterns:
- Secure: Upset by separation, easily comforted on reunion.
- Anxious-resistant: Initially uneasy, highly distressed by separation, conflict in reunion.
- Avoidant: Not consistently stressed by separation, avoid contact on reunion.
- Ainsworth highlighted the importance of empirical demonstration of attachment's organization, and individual differences in patterns.
Antecedents of Attachment Patterns
- Early caregiver responsiveness significantly impacts attachment development.
- Sensitive caregiving, especially during uncertainty or stress, is critical.
- Longitudinal and experimental studies have provided evidence supporting the role of sensitive caregiving.
Attachment Patterns and Child Outcomes
- Secure attachment is associated with positive peer relationships, teacher evaluations, and perseverance in challenges.
- Avoidant attachments linked to potential bullying tendencies or difficulty building/maintaining friendships.
Attachment in Adulthood
- Hazan and Shaver (1987) proposed that adult romantic relationships mirror infant-caregiver attachment.
- The attachment system's function is similar in both infant-caregiver and adult relationships.
- Parallels include feelings of security when present, seeking comfort/support during distress, using the other as a secure base, and distinct communication.
- Attachments shift from parental figures to peers/romantic partners in young adulthood.
- Adult attachment styles in romantic pairings follow a similar distribution pattern to infant attachment styles: about 60% secure, 20% avoidant, and 20% anxious-resistant.
Research on Attachment in Adulthood
- Secure attachment in childhood is linked to more secure romantic relationships.
- Research suggests secure individuals are more likely to be attracted to secure partners, leading to more lasting and satisfying relationships.
- Secure individuals report higher relationship satisfaction and provide support to their partners during distress.
Do Early Experiences Shape Adult Attachment?
- Most research is retrospective on adult memories, suggesting secured adults describe more supportive, loving, and kind early experiences.
- Longitudinal studies show prospective associations between child and adult attachment.
- Attachment is considered probabilistic, not deterministic, meaning early experiences form a foundation; later experiences and corrective relationships reshape attachment.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of attachment theory, including its origins by Bowlby and key studies like Harlow's monkey experiment. Understand how emotional bonds influence personality development and the significance of contact comfort. Learn about individual differences in infant attachment through Ainsworth's research.
