Attachment Theory in Psychology

<p>Confused and contradictory behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Japan: Higher proportion of Resistant babies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normativity Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cloth 'mother'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insecure attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as a secure base for exploration and a safe haven in distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insecure attachment behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychoanalytic theory and ethology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strange Situation Procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enjoy encountering new people/situations, not afraid to take risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are low on approach and do not like new activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How children respond to changes in daily routine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Displaying loud and expressive emotional reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The child eats and sleeps at the same time every day</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are distressed and alarmed by challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is positive if parents work with children and negative if parents work against them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They thrive in inconsistent parenting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficult children may lead parents to feel less effective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interviewers' familiarity with the children could have biased the results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adding data like frequency of actions instead of vague descriptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social desirability bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insecurely attached infants formed different internal working models of attachment compared to securely attached infants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher academic achievement in school.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insecurely attached children exhibited more negative emotions like fear and anger compared to securely attached children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive crying</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attachment quality is a product of both the child's temperament and the parents' behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discussing the concept of temperament and related research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low on approach, High on withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;Roll with the punches&quot; attitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exhibit extreme highs and lows</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How regular the child's biological cycles are</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Much more subdued reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistence refers to how children respond to challenges; Children with low persistence give up easily or avoid challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants' models of attachment include social functioning and competence, emotional understanding, and self-regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insecurely attached children exhibited more negative emotions such as fear and anger compared to securely attached children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperament refers to individual differences in behavioral styles and reactions. Researchers generally agree that temperament is a product of both parents and children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 9 dimensions of temperament include activity level, rhythmicity, approach/withdrawal, adaptability, threshold of responsiveness, intensity of reaction, quality of mood, distractibility, and attention span/persistence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goodness of fit refers to the compatibility between a child's temperament and the demands of the environment or caregiver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attachment quality is viewed as a product of both parents' caregiving practices and the individual differences in infants' temperaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Show little or no distress at separation, avoid contact with caregiver upon return</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>REALLY distressed by separation, cannot be soothed by caregiver upon return</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confused/contradictory behaviors, dazed, fearful facial expressions, frozen postures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explore freely in caregiver's presence, visibly upset when caregiver leaves, greet warmly upon return, can be soothed by caregiver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Japan: Higher proportion of Resistant babies, N.Germany: Higher proportion of Avoidant babies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Universality Hypothesis (all infants form an attachment), Normativity Hypothesis (most infants form a secure attachment), Sensitivity Hypothesis (individual differences)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kick, walk, run a lot, need relatively little sleep, hate bed time, fidget, can't sit still in class, play sports</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants sit still while dressing, eating, sleeping, enjoy more quiet play, reading, and sleep more</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can sleep through loud parties, ignores commotion in restaurants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants focus on one toy for long periods, toddlers are difficult to distract from a desired toy, older children can read/study with a TV on</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Work hard on a challenging puzzle, practice a difficult skill rather than giving up, ask again to get what they want from parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Give up on challenging problems, decide they are just 'not good' at things, accept 'no' as the final answer from mom</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Child temperament influences parents' behavior by affecting how effective they feel and how punitive they may become.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Possible criticisms include 'Halo' effects due to the same interviewer talking to parents each time, social desirability bias from parental reports, and the potential for negativity bias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modern measurement techniques have refined parental reports by using more specific questions and supplementing with other methods like laboratory procedures and video-taped interviews.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive goodness of fit between parent and child leads to a more positive relationship, while negative goodness of fit can lead to a negative relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parents may feel less effective and may become more punitive towards difficult children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social desirability bias and negativity bias are potential biases associated with all data being from parental reports.</p> Signup and view all the answers