40 Questions
What is a potential issue with applying Western-style parenting to non-Western cultures?
It may not account for local cultural norms and values
What is parentification, as defined in the context of child development?
Children assuming adult or parental responsibilities that are developmentally inappropriate
In some cultures, children's assistance in caregiving is viewed as:
Normative and a valuable contribution to the family
In Zambia, older siblings often play a greater role in caregiving than their parents, resulting in younger siblings developing an attachment to:
Their older siblings
What is a criticism of standardized tests in cross-cultural contexts?
They are invalid for children from non-dominant cultures
What is the term for the amount of cultural content included in a test or how the test is conducted?
Culture load
What is a potential issue with intelligence tests developed by White American psychologists?
They reflect the cultural values and biases of the test creators
Why might people from different cultural backgrounds perform poorly on intelligence tests?
They lack knowledge of the specific cultural content in the test
What has been a limitation of treatment approaches in the past?
They have ignored Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander approaches to healing.
What is a key aspect of the Indigenous Turn?
The recognition of Indigenous Knowledge Systems as crucial for understanding various aspects of life.
What is the primary objective of Indigenous Psychology?
To develop psychology that is influenced by the cultural context in which people live.
What is a consequence of historical, cross-generational trauma experienced by First Nations Australians?
A revitalization of pathways for connecting to culture as a healing process.
What is a key aspect of Indigenous Knowledge Systems?
Eco-centric, collective governance that supports the flourishing of communities.
What has been a silence of the past?
A silence on the policy of forced removal and the Stolen Generations.
What is the focus of Indigenous Psychology in terms of understanding mental health?
A focus on understanding the impact of historical trauma on mental health.
What is a key aspect of the revitalization of Indigenous practices?
A focus on living in harmony with Mother Earth.
What is the Australian Government's stance on improving Indigenous Australians' health and well-being?
It acknowledges the need for collaborative, community-led efforts.
What is the primary reason for the increased interest in acculturation studies?
Increased intercultural contact due to international migration and globalisation
What is the primary purpose of the NHMRC guidelines for ethical conduct in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research?
To ensure ethical conduct in research involving Indigenous Australians.
What is the main focus of acculturation research?
The process of cultural and psychological adaptation in response to diverse cultural interactions
According to Berry's model, what are the four orientations of acculturation?
Assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalisation
What are unwritten cultural scripts passed down through socialization and enculturation?
Informal, unspoken norms and values shaping daily life.
What is the primary characteristic of monochronic cultures?
Linear time segments and strict schedules.
What is the primary factor that influences acculturation outcomes?
All of the above
What is the relationship between ethnic identity and acculturation?
They can lead to friction but are not mutually exclusive
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of polychronic cultures?
Linear time segments and strict schedules.
What is the primary goal of the Reconciliation Action Plan in psychology?
To include Indigenous knowledge in psychology curricula
What is the primary focus of Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory?
Measuring values and behaviors across six dimensions.
What is the focus of the South-Asian Identity Development Model?
The stages leading to a positive bicultural identity
What is the primary benefit of tolerance and acceptance as culturally sensitive attitudes?
Enhancing cultural relations and understanding.
Why do research studies on acculturation often focus on migrant, racialised, and ethnicized groups?
Because they are often the most affected by the acculturation process
What is the primary challenge of interacting with diverse cultural backgrounds in a globalized world?
Navigating cultural differences and avoiding misunderstandings.
What is the emerging trend in psychological research involving Indigenous peoples?
Conducting collaborative research with Indigenous communities
What is essential for effective communication with diverse cultures?
Understanding and respecting diverse values, attitudes, and worldviews
What is the primary goal of models like LaFromboise et al.'s?
To identify types of acculturation strategies
Why is cultural competence an ethical responsibility for psychologists?
Because it is a way to work effectively with diverse cultures
What is crucial for operating in multicultural societies?
Developing generic cultural competencies
What should cultural awareness training emphasize?
Practical application of cultural awareness
What is important for effective communication with Indigenous peoples?
Adjusting communicative style and showing appropriate emotion
What is necessary for psychologists to be culturally responsive?
Awareness of their own cultural biases
Study Notes
Attachment Theory and Parenting
- Attachment theory invites moral judgement of parenting and raises ethical issues when applying Western-style parenting without understanding local cultures
- Parentification is a phenomenon where children assume adult or parental responsibilities that are developmentally inappropriate
- In some collectivist cultures, children's assistance in caregiving is considered normative, such as in Zambia, where older siblings play a greater role in caregiving and younger siblings develop an attachment to their older siblings
Criticism of Standardized Tests
- Standardized tests are criticized for being invalid for children from non-dominant cultures
- Historical controversy surrounds psychological testing and assessment with racial/ethnic minority groups, as tests were standardized, validated, and reliable primarily with White, middle-class, English-language samples
- Culture Load refers to the amount of cultural content included in a test or how the test is conducted, which can influence performance
Indigenous Psychology
- The Indigenous Turn recognizes Indigenous ways of doing, knowing, and living as crucial for understanding various aspects, from brain function to studying stars
- Indigenous Psychology emerges as part of this resurgence of Indigenous knowledges and self-determination
- The objective of Indigenous Psychology is to develop psychologies that are not imposed, influenced by the cultural context, and developed from within the culture
- Revitalizing pathways for connecting to culture is essential for healing, especially for First Nations Australians
Understanding Culture and Its Context
- Culture has a significant impact on daily life, including unwritten cultural scripts passed down through socialization and enculturation
- Challenges arise when interacting with diverse cultural backgrounds in a globalized world, leading to culture shock experienced by migrants in new environments
- Development and maintenance of multiple identities occur in cultural transitions
Dimensions of Culture
- Unwritten rules guiding daily life set different cultural groups apart
- Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory measures values and behaviors across six dimensions, although criticism exists, the model remains useful in promoting cultural relations
- Tolerance and acceptance are essential culturally sensitive attitudes towards different cultures
Time and Culture
- Cultural differences exist in attitudes towards time, influencing behavior
- Monochronic cultures have linear time segments and strict schedules, whereas polychronic cultures have fluid time and less strict regulations
- Hall's identification of time perspective differences in cultures highlights the distinction between monochronic and polychronic cultures
Acculturation and Assimilation
- Accumulation involves changes individuals and groups undergo when encountering a new culture, as a dynamic process of integration while retaining elements of one's cultural heritage
- Research often focuses on migrant, racialized, and ethicized groups, with power relationships, history, and policies of the receiving country impacting acculturation
- Ethnic identity and acculturation are not mutually exclusive but can lead to friction, with models identifying types of acculturations and stages leading to a positive bicultural identity
Explore the ethical considerations of applying Western-style parenting to diverse cultural contexts, including the impact of parentification on migrant and refugee families.
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