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Questions and Answers
What is a potential issue with applying Western-style parenting to non-Western cultures?
What is parentification, as defined in the context of child development?
In some cultures, children's assistance in caregiving is viewed as:
In Zambia, older siblings often play a greater role in caregiving than their parents, resulting in younger siblings developing an attachment to:
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What is a criticism of standardized tests in cross-cultural contexts?
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What is the term for the amount of cultural content included in a test or how the test is conducted?
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What is a potential issue with intelligence tests developed by White American psychologists?
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Why might people from different cultural backgrounds perform poorly on intelligence tests?
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What has been a limitation of treatment approaches in the past?
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What is a key aspect of the Indigenous Turn?
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What is the primary objective of Indigenous Psychology?
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What is a consequence of historical, cross-generational trauma experienced by First Nations Australians?
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What is a key aspect of Indigenous Knowledge Systems?
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What has been a silence of the past?
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What is the focus of Indigenous Psychology in terms of understanding mental health?
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What is a key aspect of the revitalization of Indigenous practices?
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What is the Australian Government's stance on improving Indigenous Australians' health and well-being?
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What is the primary reason for the increased interest in acculturation studies?
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What is the primary purpose of the NHMRC guidelines for ethical conduct in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research?
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What is the main focus of acculturation research?
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According to Berry's model, what are the four orientations of acculturation?
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What are unwritten cultural scripts passed down through socialization and enculturation?
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What is the primary characteristic of monochronic cultures?
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What is the primary factor that influences acculturation outcomes?
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What is the relationship between ethnic identity and acculturation?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of polychronic cultures?
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What is the primary goal of the Reconciliation Action Plan in psychology?
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What is the primary focus of Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory?
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What is the focus of the South-Asian Identity Development Model?
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What is the primary benefit of tolerance and acceptance as culturally sensitive attitudes?
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Why do research studies on acculturation often focus on migrant, racialised, and ethnicized groups?
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What is the primary challenge of interacting with diverse cultural backgrounds in a globalized world?
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What is the emerging trend in psychological research involving Indigenous peoples?
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What is essential for effective communication with diverse cultures?
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What is the primary goal of models like LaFromboise et al.'s?
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Why is cultural competence an ethical responsibility for psychologists?
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What is crucial for operating in multicultural societies?
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What should cultural awareness training emphasize?
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What is important for effective communication with Indigenous peoples?
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What is necessary for psychologists to be culturally responsive?
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Study Notes
Attachment Theory and Parenting
- Attachment theory invites moral judgement of parenting and raises ethical issues when applying Western-style parenting without understanding local cultures
- Parentification is a phenomenon where children assume adult or parental responsibilities that are developmentally inappropriate
- In some collectivist cultures, children's assistance in caregiving is considered normative, such as in Zambia, where older siblings play a greater role in caregiving and younger siblings develop an attachment to their older siblings
Criticism of Standardized Tests
- Standardized tests are criticized for being invalid for children from non-dominant cultures
- Historical controversy surrounds psychological testing and assessment with racial/ethnic minority groups, as tests were standardized, validated, and reliable primarily with White, middle-class, English-language samples
- Culture Load refers to the amount of cultural content included in a test or how the test is conducted, which can influence performance
Indigenous Psychology
- The Indigenous Turn recognizes Indigenous ways of doing, knowing, and living as crucial for understanding various aspects, from brain function to studying stars
- Indigenous Psychology emerges as part of this resurgence of Indigenous knowledges and self-determination
- The objective of Indigenous Psychology is to develop psychologies that are not imposed, influenced by the cultural context, and developed from within the culture
- Revitalizing pathways for connecting to culture is essential for healing, especially for First Nations Australians
Understanding Culture and Its Context
- Culture has a significant impact on daily life, including unwritten cultural scripts passed down through socialization and enculturation
- Challenges arise when interacting with diverse cultural backgrounds in a globalized world, leading to culture shock experienced by migrants in new environments
- Development and maintenance of multiple identities occur in cultural transitions
Dimensions of Culture
- Unwritten rules guiding daily life set different cultural groups apart
- Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory measures values and behaviors across six dimensions, although criticism exists, the model remains useful in promoting cultural relations
- Tolerance and acceptance are essential culturally sensitive attitudes towards different cultures
Time and Culture
- Cultural differences exist in attitudes towards time, influencing behavior
- Monochronic cultures have linear time segments and strict schedules, whereas polychronic cultures have fluid time and less strict regulations
- Hall's identification of time perspective differences in cultures highlights the distinction between monochronic and polychronic cultures
Acculturation and Assimilation
- Accumulation involves changes individuals and groups undergo when encountering a new culture, as a dynamic process of integration while retaining elements of one's cultural heritage
- Research often focuses on migrant, racialized, and ethicized groups, with power relationships, history, and policies of the receiving country impacting acculturation
- Ethnic identity and acculturation are not mutually exclusive but can lead to friction, with models identifying types of acculturations and stages leading to a positive bicultural identity
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Description
Explore the ethical considerations of applying Western-style parenting to diverse cultural contexts, including the impact of parentification on migrant and refugee families.