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Questions and Answers
What is a common complication associated with atrial fibrillation?
What is a common complication associated with atrial fibrillation?
What measurement indicates a potential issue with blood clotting?
What measurement indicates a potential issue with blood clotting?
What should patients at risk for increased clotting do to minimize their risk?
What should patients at risk for increased clotting do to minimize their risk?
Which condition is most likely associated with excessive red blood cell production?
Which condition is most likely associated with excessive red blood cell production?
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What are common sites for clots to form in venous thrombosis?
What are common sites for clots to form in venous thrombosis?
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What is the most likely symptom of mesenteric artery thrombosis?
What is the most likely symptom of mesenteric artery thrombosis?
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Which sign may indicate prolonged bleeding in patients with impaired clotting?
Which sign may indicate prolonged bleeding in patients with impaired clotting?
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What is the normal lab value range for potassium in mEq/L?
What is the normal lab value range for potassium in mEq/L?
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Which of the following is a common cause of hyperkalemia?
Which of the following is a common cause of hyperkalemia?
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What is a primary health concern for patients experiencing internal bleeding?
What is a primary health concern for patients experiencing internal bleeding?
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Which symptom is NOT typically associated with hyperkalemia?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with hyperkalemia?
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What is a common medication that can cause hyperkalemia?
What is a common medication that can cause hyperkalemia?
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What action should be taken if IV infusion slows or stops due to a possible thrombus?
What action should be taken if IV infusion slows or stops due to a possible thrombus?
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Which symptom would you use the mnemonic 'MURDER' to remember?
Which symptom would you use the mnemonic 'MURDER' to remember?
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How often should the VAD site be checked during continuous PICC infusions?
How often should the VAD site be checked during continuous PICC infusions?
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Which of the following indicates a positive shift from IV fluid intake?
Which of the following indicates a positive shift from IV fluid intake?
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How do centrally acting adrenergic drugs like clonidine reduce sympathetic outflow?
How do centrally acting adrenergic drugs like clonidine reduce sympathetic outflow?
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What is a characteristic effect of persistent pain on the sympathetic nervous system?
What is a characteristic effect of persistent pain on the sympathetic nervous system?
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Which of the following correctly describes the primary effect of alpha2-adrenergic receptors when stimulated?
Which of the following correctly describes the primary effect of alpha2-adrenergic receptors when stimulated?
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Which condition is indicated for the use of clonidine?
Which condition is indicated for the use of clonidine?
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What is a common side effect of centrally acting adrenergic drugs like clonidine?
What is a common side effect of centrally acting adrenergic drugs like clonidine?
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What distinguishes nociceptive pain from neuropathic pain?
What distinguishes nociceptive pain from neuropathic pain?
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Which of the following patient education points should be emphasized for those taking calcium channel blockers (CCBs)?
Which of the following patient education points should be emphasized for those taking calcium channel blockers (CCBs)?
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What is a critical nursing consideration when administering antihypertensives like clonidine?
What is a critical nursing consideration when administering antihypertensives like clonidine?
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What is the primary cause of hypokalemia during chronic diarrhea?
What is the primary cause of hypokalemia during chronic diarrhea?
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What electrolyte imbalance can chronic diarrhea cause related to calcium levels?
What electrolyte imbalance can chronic diarrhea cause related to calcium levels?
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Which substance can decrease renal excretion of potassium, exacerbating hypokalemia?
Which substance can decrease renal excretion of potassium, exacerbating hypokalemia?
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Which of the following accurately describes hypophosphatemia?
Which of the following accurately describes hypophosphatemia?
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What factor can lead to decreased absorption of magnesium during chronic diarrhea?
What factor can lead to decreased absorption of magnesium during chronic diarrhea?
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What is the initial action a nurse must take if a blood transfusion reaction occurs?
What is the initial action a nurse must take if a blood transfusion reaction occurs?
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Which gauge needle size is appropriate for a standard blood transfusion?
Which gauge needle size is appropriate for a standard blood transfusion?
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What is the recommended time frame for administering blood after its receipt?
What is the recommended time frame for administering blood after its receipt?
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What should be monitored and documented frequently during a blood transfusion?
What should be monitored and documented frequently during a blood transfusion?
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When managing a febrile nonhemolytic reaction, what should be administered to the patient?
When managing a febrile nonhemolytic reaction, what should be administered to the patient?
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In the case of an anaphylactic reaction, what should the healthcare provider have ready for immediate use?
In the case of an anaphylactic reaction, what should the healthcare provider have ready for immediate use?
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What is a key nursing action to take after stopping a transfusion due to a reaction?
What is a key nursing action to take after stopping a transfusion due to a reaction?
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Which sign is essential to monitor for in patients during a blood transfusion to prevent complications?
Which sign is essential to monitor for in patients during a blood transfusion to prevent complications?
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What is the first step to take when a transfusion reaction is suspected?
What is the first step to take when a transfusion reaction is suspected?
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When dealing with a suspected hemolysis reaction, which action must be taken regarding IV tubing?
When dealing with a suspected hemolysis reaction, which action must be taken regarding IV tubing?
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What should be done with the blood bag and tubing after a transfusion reaction?
What should be done with the blood bag and tubing after a transfusion reaction?
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What is an important monitoring task after a transfusion reaction is suspected?
What is an important monitoring task after a transfusion reaction is suspected?
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Which population is at the highest risk for NSAID-related anemia?
Which population is at the highest risk for NSAID-related anemia?
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Which of the following gastrointestinal effects is NOT commonly associated with NSAID use?
Which of the following gastrointestinal effects is NOT commonly associated with NSAID use?
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In the event of an infusion reaction, which type of medication may be administered as needed?
In the event of an infusion reaction, which type of medication may be administered as needed?
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What is a potential serious cardiovascular effect of NSAID use?
What is a potential serious cardiovascular effect of NSAID use?
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After stopping a transfusion due to a suspected hemolysis reaction, what is crucial to maintain?
After stopping a transfusion due to a suspected hemolysis reaction, what is crucial to maintain?
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Which of the following is an adverse effect linked to NSAIDs primarily affecting the kidneys?
Which of the following is an adverse effect linked to NSAIDs primarily affecting the kidneys?
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What symptom would raise suspicion for an acute transfusion reaction?
What symptom would raise suspicion for an acute transfusion reaction?
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Which hematologic effect can result from NSAID usage?
Which hematologic effect can result from NSAID usage?
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Which factor is critical in the management of transfusion reactions?
Which factor is critical in the management of transfusion reactions?
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What is the primary characteristic of respiratory acidosis?
What is the primary characteristic of respiratory acidosis?
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Which of the following describes metabolic alkalosis?
Which of the following describes metabolic alkalosis?
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What does the mnemonic ROME stand for in acid-base interpretation?
What does the mnemonic ROME stand for in acid-base interpretation?
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What causes metabolic acidosis?
What causes metabolic acidosis?
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What is a common condition associated with respiratory alkalosis?
What is a common condition associated with respiratory alkalosis?
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What indicates a respiratory disorder when interpreting ABGs?
What indicates a respiratory disorder when interpreting ABGs?
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What is the normal range for blood pH in adults?
What is the normal range for blood pH in adults?
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Which condition results from an increase of CO2 due to ineffective lung function?
Which condition results from an increase of CO2 due to ineffective lung function?
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What should be done to increase the absorption of ferrous sulfate?
What should be done to increase the absorption of ferrous sulfate?
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When should a patient take antacids in relation to ferrous sulfate intake?
When should a patient take antacids in relation to ferrous sulfate intake?
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Which of the following foods is a good source of folate?
Which of the following foods is a good source of folate?
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Why is adequate folate intake particularly important during pregnancy?
Why is adequate folate intake particularly important during pregnancy?
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What defines anemia?
What defines anemia?
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Which of the following is an indicator of anemia for women?
Which of the following is an indicator of anemia for women?
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What is a common dietary source of iron?
What is a common dietary source of iron?
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What vitamin is also referred to as folate in its anionic form?
What vitamin is also referred to as folate in its anionic form?
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Study Notes
Metabolic Acidosis - Signs and Symptoms
- Metabolic acidosis arises from increased metabolic acid or decreased base (bicarbonate).
- Kidneys unable to excrete enough metabolic acids, accumulating in the blood, or bicarbonate removed (diarrhea).
- Blood HCO3⁻ decreases, pH falls. Increased metabolic acid decreases blood HCO3⁻ because it buffers the acids.
- Metabolic acidosis characterized by pH < 7.35 and bicarbonate (HCO3⁻) level < 22 mEq/L.
Underlying Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
- Starvation ketoacidosis: Inadequate caloric intake, prolonged fasting. -What Happens: In the absence of glucose, fat stores used for energy, keto-acids accumulate in the blood.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis: Type I diabetes mellitus. -What Happens: Glucose is not transported into cells due to lack of insulin. Fat used for energy, keto-acids accumulate in blood.
- Lactic acidosis: Sepsis, cardiac arrest, trauma, seizures. -What Happens: Lack of oxygen leads to anaerobic metabolism in cells, and lactic acid accumulates.
- Renal Tubular Acidosis: Renal failure. -What Happens: Kidneys unable to remove acids through urine acidification.
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Description
Test your knowledge on complications associated with atrial fibrillation, blood clotting issues, and related health conditions. This quiz covers symptoms, lab values, and risk management for patients. Ideal for healthcare students and professionals.
