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Questions and Answers
What is a common complication associated with atrial fibrillation?
What is a common complication associated with atrial fibrillation?
What measurement indicates a potential issue with blood clotting?
What measurement indicates a potential issue with blood clotting?
What should patients at risk for increased clotting do to minimize their risk?
What should patients at risk for increased clotting do to minimize their risk?
Which condition is most likely associated with excessive red blood cell production?
Which condition is most likely associated with excessive red blood cell production?
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What are common sites for clots to form in venous thrombosis?
What are common sites for clots to form in venous thrombosis?
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What is the most likely symptom of mesenteric artery thrombosis?
What is the most likely symptom of mesenteric artery thrombosis?
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Which sign may indicate prolonged bleeding in patients with impaired clotting?
Which sign may indicate prolonged bleeding in patients with impaired clotting?
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What is the normal lab value range for potassium in mEq/L?
What is the normal lab value range for potassium in mEq/L?
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Which of the following is a common cause of hyperkalemia?
Which of the following is a common cause of hyperkalemia?
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What is a primary health concern for patients experiencing internal bleeding?
What is a primary health concern for patients experiencing internal bleeding?
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Which symptom is NOT typically associated with hyperkalemia?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with hyperkalemia?
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What is a common medication that can cause hyperkalemia?
What is a common medication that can cause hyperkalemia?
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What action should be taken if IV infusion slows or stops due to a possible thrombus?
What action should be taken if IV infusion slows or stops due to a possible thrombus?
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Which symptom would you use the mnemonic 'MURDER' to remember?
Which symptom would you use the mnemonic 'MURDER' to remember?
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How often should the VAD site be checked during continuous PICC infusions?
How often should the VAD site be checked during continuous PICC infusions?
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Which of the following indicates a positive shift from IV fluid intake?
Which of the following indicates a positive shift from IV fluid intake?
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How do centrally acting adrenergic drugs like clonidine reduce sympathetic outflow?
How do centrally acting adrenergic drugs like clonidine reduce sympathetic outflow?
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What is a characteristic effect of persistent pain on the sympathetic nervous system?
What is a characteristic effect of persistent pain on the sympathetic nervous system?
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Which of the following correctly describes the primary effect of alpha2-adrenergic receptors when stimulated?
Which of the following correctly describes the primary effect of alpha2-adrenergic receptors when stimulated?
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Which condition is indicated for the use of clonidine?
Which condition is indicated for the use of clonidine?
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What is a common side effect of centrally acting adrenergic drugs like clonidine?
What is a common side effect of centrally acting adrenergic drugs like clonidine?
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What distinguishes nociceptive pain from neuropathic pain?
What distinguishes nociceptive pain from neuropathic pain?
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Which of the following patient education points should be emphasized for those taking calcium channel blockers (CCBs)?
Which of the following patient education points should be emphasized for those taking calcium channel blockers (CCBs)?
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What is a critical nursing consideration when administering antihypertensives like clonidine?
What is a critical nursing consideration when administering antihypertensives like clonidine?
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Study Notes
Metabolic Acidosis - Signs and Symptoms
- Metabolic acidosis arises from increased metabolic acid or decreased base (bicarbonate).
- Kidneys unable to excrete enough metabolic acids, accumulating in the blood, or bicarbonate removed (diarrhea).
- Blood HCO3⁻ decreases, pH falls. Increased metabolic acid decreases blood HCO3⁻ because it buffers the acids.
- Metabolic acidosis characterized by pH < 7.35 and bicarbonate (HCO3⁻) level < 22 mEq/L.
Underlying Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
- Starvation ketoacidosis: Inadequate caloric intake, prolonged fasting. -What Happens: In the absence of glucose, fat stores used for energy, keto-acids accumulate in the blood.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis: Type I diabetes mellitus. -What Happens: Glucose is not transported into cells due to lack of insulin. Fat used for energy, keto-acids accumulate in blood.
- Lactic acidosis: Sepsis, cardiac arrest, trauma, seizures. -What Happens: Lack of oxygen leads to anaerobic metabolism in cells, and lactic acid accumulates.
- Renal Tubular Acidosis: Renal failure. -What Happens: Kidneys unable to remove acids through urine acidification.
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Description
Test your knowledge on complications associated with atrial fibrillation, blood clotting issues, and related health conditions. This quiz covers symptoms, lab values, and risk management for patients. Ideal for healthcare students and professionals.
