ATP Molecule Structure and Function

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In a reaction where Keq = 1, what is the value of ΔG°?

Spontaneous

0 (correct)

Positive

Negative

For Keq < 1, what is the expected sign of ΔG°?

Negative

Positive (correct)

Zero

Spontaneous

How does Keq > 1 affect the value of ΔG° in a reaction?

It becomes positive

It remains zero

It becomes negative (correct)

It becomes spontaneous

What type of reactions involve the creation of biosynthetic molecules?

Endergonic reactions Signup and view all the answers

In cells, what process releases energy with ATP hydrolysis?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ATP in metabolism?

Act as an immediate energy donor Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of glycolysis?

Convert glucose to pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

In living organisms, free energy is required for which of the following purposes?

Mechanical work and active transport of biomolecules/ions Signup and view all the answers

How do phototrophs capture free energy from the environment?

By converting sunlight into a chemical form through photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Speed up reaction rate without changing equilibrium constant Signup and view all the answers

What does the free energy difference (ΔG) determine in a reaction?

Whether the reaction will proceed spontaneously Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organisms obtain free energy as ATP through the oxidation of carbon fuels?

Chemotrophs (such as humans) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ATP in cells?

To act as a free energy donor Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of ATP?

Adenine, ribose, and a phosphoanhydride linkage Signup and view all the answers

What happens when ATP is hydrolyzed?

It releases energy and forms ADP and Pi Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the high phosphoryl transfer potential of ATP?

It allows ATP to serve as an energy currency in cells Signup and view all the answers

Why is the free energy change in ATP hydrolysis large (-30.5 kJ/mol)?

Due to the low stability of the reactants compared to the products Signup and view all the answers

How does ATP participate in free energy transfer in biological systems?

By donating its terminal phosphate group to form ADP and Pi Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of phosphoryl transfer reactions?

Store energy in the form of ATP Signup and view all the answers

How do fatty acids compare to glucose in terms of energy release?

Fatty acids release more energy than glucose Signup and view all the answers

What happens to glucose 6-phosphate during oxidation?

It becomes oxidized to form ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP)?

Synthesis of ATP and NADH Signup and view all the answers

What is the high phosphoryl transfer potential compound in glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate?

ADP Signup and view all the answers

How are electrons involved in oxidative phosphorylation?

Released by NADH during electron transport chain Signup and view all the answers

What molecule is formed when acyl groups are attached to CoA through the reactive sulfhydryl group?

Acetyl CoA Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is essential for blood coagulation?

Vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency is associated with Vitamin C?

Scurvy Signup and view all the answers

Which factor makes the transfer of acetyl group to other compounds thermodynamically favourable?

High acetyl-group-transfer potential Signup and view all the answers

In what way are most coenzymes activated carriers derived from vitamins?

By being found in organic molecules in food Signup and view all the answers

How are metabolic pathways regulated according to the text?

By binding of inhibitors to enzymes Signup and view all the answers