30 Questions
In a reaction where Keq = 1, what is the value of ΔG°?
0
For Keq < 1, what is the expected sign of ΔG°?
Positive
How does Keq > 1 affect the value of ΔG° in a reaction?
It becomes negative
What type of reactions involve the creation of biosynthetic molecules?
Endergonic reactions
In cells, what process releases energy with ATP hydrolysis?
Active transport
What is the function of ATP in metabolism?
Act as an immediate energy donor
What is the primary purpose of glycolysis?
Convert glucose to pyruvate
In living organisms, free energy is required for which of the following purposes?
Mechanical work and active transport of biomolecules/ions
How do phototrophs capture free energy from the environment?
By converting sunlight into a chemical form through photosynthesis
What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
Speed up reaction rate without changing equilibrium constant
What does the free energy difference (ΔG) determine in a reaction?
Whether the reaction will proceed spontaneously
Which type of organisms obtain free energy as ATP through the oxidation of carbon fuels?
Chemotrophs (such as humans)
What is the primary function of ATP in cells?
To act as a free energy donor
What is the structure of ATP?
Adenine, ribose, and a phosphoanhydride linkage
What happens when ATP is hydrolyzed?
It releases energy and forms ADP and Pi
What is the significance of the high phosphoryl transfer potential of ATP?
It allows ATP to serve as an energy currency in cells
Why is the free energy change in ATP hydrolysis large (-30.5 kJ/mol)?
Due to the low stability of the reactants compared to the products
How does ATP participate in free energy transfer in biological systems?
By donating its terminal phosphate group to form ADP and Pi
What is the main function of phosphoryl transfer reactions?
Store energy in the form of ATP
How do fatty acids compare to glucose in terms of energy release?
Fatty acids release more energy than glucose
What happens to glucose 6-phosphate during oxidation?
It becomes oxidized to form ATP
What is the result of the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP)?
Synthesis of ATP and NADH
What is the high phosphoryl transfer potential compound in glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate?
ADP
How are electrons involved in oxidative phosphorylation?
Released by NADH during electron transport chain
What molecule is formed when acyl groups are attached to CoA through the reactive sulfhydryl group?
Acetyl CoA
Which vitamin is essential for blood coagulation?
Vitamin K
What deficiency is associated with Vitamin C?
Scurvy
Which factor makes the transfer of acetyl group to other compounds thermodynamically favourable?
High acetyl-group-transfer potential
In what way are most coenzymes activated carriers derived from vitamins?
By being found in organic molecules in food
How are metabolic pathways regulated according to the text?
By binding of inhibitors to enzymes
Learn about the structure and function of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), which is used as a rich energy source in cells. Explore how ATP is formed and how it releases energy. Understand the significance of ATP's triphosphate unit in cellular processes.
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