20 Questions
What is the preferred source of energy for the body according to the text?
Carbohydrates
Which type of organisms are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material?
Autotrophs
What are heterotrophs unable to do based on the text?
Produce own food
What is the role of ATP in biologic systems according to the text?
Energy production
Which category of metabolism involves the synthesis of all compounds needed by the cells?
Anabolism
What is the main purpose of Catabolism in metabolism?
Breakdown of molecules to obtain energy
Which process involves the intracellular conversion of nutritive material into cellular components?
Anabolism
What is the primary role of Bioenergetics in living systems?
Energy flow through living systems
What is the primary function of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) in cells?
Storing and transferring energy
Which molecule serves as the main energy source for cellular processes in mitochondria?
ATP
What is the empirical formula for carbohydrates like glucose?
(CH2O)n
How are monosaccharides connected to form larger carbohydrate structures?
Via glycosidic bonds
What is one of the earliest tests for the presence of sugar in urine of diabetics?
Benedict’s reagent
Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of major dietary polysaccharides in the mouth?
Salivary α-amylase
How are glucose and galactose absorbed in the small intestine?
Active transport
What is the preferred nutrient for energy generation mentioned in the text?
Glucose
Which process is responsible for forming a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?
Condensation reaction
Which of the following sugars is classified as a reducing sugar?
Maltose
What type of sugar does not have an aldehyde or ketone group and cannot act as a reducing agent?
Sucrose
Which enzyme is essential for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose?
Lactase
Study Notes
Energy Sources and Metabolism
- Glucose is the preferred source of energy for the body.
- Autotrophs are organisms that can make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw materials.
- Heterotrophs are unable to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw materials.
ATP and Bioenergetics
- ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) plays a crucial role in biologic systems as the energy currency.
- The primary role of Bioenergetics is to study the flow of energy through living systems.
- ATP is the primary energy source for cellular processes in mitochondria.
Carbohydrate Structure and Digestion
- The empirical formula for carbohydrates like glucose is C6H12O6.
- Monosaccharides are connected to form larger carbohydrate structures through glycosidic bonds.
- Amylase is the enzyme responsible for the digestion of major dietary polysaccharides in the mouth.
- Glucose and galactose are absorbed in the small intestine through facilitated diffusion.
Sugar Chemistry
- Sucrose is formed through a condensation reaction, responsible for forming a disaccharide from two monosaccharides.
- Reducing sugars, such as glucose and galactose, have an aldehyde or ketone group and can act as a reducing agent.
- Non-reducing sugars, such as sucrose, do not have an aldehyde or ketone group and cannot act as a reducing agent.
- Lactase is the enzyme essential for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose.
Glucose and Energy Generation
- Glucose is the preferred nutrient for energy generation.
Test your knowledge about Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the molecule that stores energy from foods and is considered the molecular unit of currency for intracellular energy transfer. Explore its composition, functions, and significance in cellular processes.
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