Transport ATPases (Pumps) Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the structure of ATP?

Guanine, deoxyribose sugar, and two phosphate groups

Cytosine, ribose sugar, and two phosphate groups

Thymine, deoxyribose sugar, and three phosphate groups

Adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups (correct)

What is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level?

Thymidine triphosphate (TTP)

Guanosine diphosphate (GDP)

Cytidine monophosphate (CMP)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (correct)

What is the process that involves using ATP to directly pump a solute across a membrane against its electrochemical gradient?

Passive diffusion

Osmosis

Facilitated diffusion

Direct active transport (correct)

Which type of ATPase is responsible for maintaining ion gradients in the enterocytes?

P-ATPases Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of F-type ATPases?

They are ATP synthases that move ions with the concentration gradient to produce ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of V-ATPase?

It pumps H+ ions to increase acidity in specific organelles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ABC-type ATPases?

They transport big molecules such as metabolites, drugs, and amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of P2-ATPases?

Maintain electrochemical gradients like the Na+/K+ pump. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ATP-driven motor in V-ATPase?

It turns an axle, which turns a second motor that pumps protons across the membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two rotary motors in V-ATPase responsible for?

Pumping protons across the membrane to increase acidity in specific organelles. Signup and view all the answers

What do the potassium binding sites of the Na+/K+ ATPase consist of?

Oxygen atoms from the protein. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ABC transporters?

They mediate ATP-powered translocation of many substrates across membranes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the common function of all ABC transporters?

They have a shared amino acid sequence in the ABC domain. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the missing protein in the White mutant fly?

An ABC transporter responsible for transporting pigment precursors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of heterodimerization of ABC ATPases?

Increase the number of solutes transported. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

ATP Structure & Cellular Energy

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of cells.
It consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.
Energy is stored in the high-energy phosphate bonds.
Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) releases energy for cellular processes.

ATP-Driven Membrane Transport

Primary active transport directly uses ATP hydrolysis to move solutes against their electrochemical gradient.
P-type ATPases utilize phosphorylation for this process.
In enterocytes, Na+/K+-ATPase maintains ion gradients crucial for nutrient absorption.

ATPase Types & Functions

F-type ATPases synthesize ATP using a proton gradient.
V-type ATPases acidify organelles (e.g., lysosomes, vacuoles) by pumping protons.
ABC-type ATPases transport a wide variety of molecules across membranes.
P2-ATPases (e.g., Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase) maintain cellular ion homeostasis.

V-ATPase Mechanism

The ATP-driven motor in V-ATPase rotates, driving proton translocation.
Two rotary motors in V-ATPase are responsible for ATP hydrolysis and proton pumping.

Na+/K+ ATPase

The potassium binding sites of Na+/K+-ATPase involve specific amino acid residues interacting with potassium ions.

ABC Transporters

ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters use ATP to move diverse substrates (ions, lipids, drugs).
All ABC transporters share the common function of ATP-dependent transport across membranes.

White Mutant Fly & ABC ATPases

The missing protein in the White mutant fly disrupts melanin transport, affecting eye pigmentation. This protein is an ABC transporter.

ABC ATPase Heterodimerization

Heterodimerization of ABC ATPases can provide functional diversity, broadening substrate specificity or transport efficacy.

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Description

Test your knowledge of movement against the gradient in biology with this quiz. Explore the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the cellular energy source and its structure. Challenge yourself with questions related to ATP conversion and movement against concentration gradients.