Atoms & Atomic Theory Flashcards

Questions and Answers

In what order did Mendeleev arrange the elements in the first periodic table?

By atomic mass or properties within each column.

What does the atomic number tell you about the atom of the element?

This atomic number tells you the number of protons and electrons in an atom.

What does the atomic mass tell you about the atom of that element?

The atomic mass tells us the weight of protons and neutrons.

How do you know how many electrons there are surrounding the nucleus of a particular atom?

You subtract the amount of protons from the atomic mass. Signup and view all the answers

What does the period number represent?

The period number represents how many shells of electrons the atom has. Signup and view all the answers

The group number represents the number of _________ in the outermost shell.

Electrons Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons can each energy level hold for each shell, #1-#4?

2, 8, 8, 18 Signup and view all the answers

What is the last element in period #4?

Krypton Signup and view all the answers

Elements in each group number all have what in common?

They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell. Signup and view all the answers

Define element.

Each of more than one hundred substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter. Signup and view all the answers

Give the symbols for 2 halogens.

F (Fluorine) and Cl (Chlorine) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of shells an atom can have?

Seven Signup and view all the answers

Which atomic particles are found in the nucleus and what are their charges?

The proton and neutron. The proton has a positive charge and a neutron has no electrical charge. Signup and view all the answers

Which particle has a negative charge?

Electron Signup and view all the answers

How would you label MOST reactive to LEAST reactive on the periodic table?

Left to right = most reactive to least reactive Signup and view all the answers

What is an ion?

An ion is an element with an unequal amount of electrons in an element. Signup and view all the answers

What is an isotope?

An isotope is when you have an unequal amount of neutrons in an element. Signup and view all the answers

What do we call a column on the periodic table?

Group or Family Signup and view all the answers

Who suggested that electrons travel around the nucleus in definite paths?

Niels Bohr Signup and view all the answers

Who performed an experiment proving the existence of an atomic nucleus?

Ernest Rutherford Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered there are small particles inside the atom?

J.J. Thomson Signup and view all the answers

Who performed an experiment proving that electrons exist?

J.J. Thomson Signup and view all the answers

An isotope of Chlorine would have how many neutrons?

17 or 19 neutrons Signup and view all the answers

What do we call a row of elements on the periodic table?

Periods Signup and view all the answers

What does the zigzag line on the periodic table tell you?

It divides the periodic table into metals, non-metals, and metalloids. Signup and view all the answers

What 2 atomic particles do I add together to find an element's atomic mass?

The protons and neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

Mendeleev arranged elements in the first periodic table by atomic mass and similar properties.
Atomic number indicates the number of protons and electrons in an atom.
Atomic mass reflects the combined weight of protons and neutrons in an atom.
To determine the number of electrons, subtract protons from atomic mass.
The period number signifies the number of electron shells an atom contains.
Group number indicates the number of valence electrons in the outermost shell.

Electron Configuration

Maximum number of electrons for energy levels are as follows: 1st shell can hold 2, 2nd shell 8, 3rd shell 8, and 4th shell 18.
The last element in period #4 is Krypton.
Elements within the same group share the same number of electrons in their outer shell.

Elements and Chemical Definitions

An element is a fundamental substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.
Halogens include Fluorine (F) and Chlorine (Cl).

Atomic Structure Limits and Particles

An atom can have a maximum of seven electron shells.
The nucleus contains protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral charge).
Electrons carry a negative charge.

Reactivity and Periodic Trends

Reactivity of elements decreases from left to right on the periodic table.
An ion is formed when an element has an unequal number of electrons.
An isotope has an unequal number of neutrons compared to the standard element.

Periodic Table Organization

A column on the periodic table is called a group or family.
A row of elements is referred to as a period.
The zigzag line on the periodic table differentiates between metals, non-metals, and metalloids.

Historical Contributions

Niels Bohr proposed that electrons travel in set paths around the nucleus.
Ernest Rutherford conducted experiments that confirmed the presence of an atomic nucleus.
J.J. Thomson discovered small particles within the atom and provided evidence for the existence of electrons.

Isotopes and Neutrons

An isotope of Chlorine may contain 17 or 19 neutrons.

Calculating Atomic Mass

The atomic mass of an element is found by adding the number of protons and neutrons together.

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Description

Test your knowledge of atoms and atomic theory with these flashcards. From Mendeleev's periodic table to understanding atomic number and mass, these cards will help reinforce key concepts in chemistry. Perfect for students looking to grasp the fundamentals of atomic structure.