Chemistry Quiz: Atomic Theory & Reactions

Atomic Theory and the Periodic Table

• Atomic theory explains the composition of matter.
• Elements are arranged in the periodic table based on their atomic structure.

Salts vs. Molecules

• Salts are ionic compounds formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
• Molecules are formed when atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

Chemical Reactions

• Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms to form new substances.
• These reactions are characterized by the breaking and forming of chemical bonds.

Law of Mass Conservation

• The law of mass conservation states that in a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products.
• Example: When hydrogen burns in oxygen, the mass of the water produced equals the combined mass of the hydrogen and oxygen used.

Shell Model Limitations and Applications

• The shell model is a simplification of atomic structure, neglecting aspects such as electron spin and relativistic effects.
• Applications of the shell model include understanding the periodic table, predicting chemical properties, and explaining nuclear stability.

Chemical Formulas

• Chemical formulas represent substances using symbols for elements and subscripts to indicate the number of atoms of each element.
• Example: Water (H₂O) shows two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Electron Shell Model

• The electron shell model depicts electrons orbiting the nucleus in energy levels (shells).
• Components include the nucleus (protons and neutrons), electrons (negative charge), and shells (energy levels). A simple sketch would show these components.

Balancing Chemical Equations

• Balancing chemical equations ensures that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.
• Example: Balancing the combustion of methane (CH₄ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O).

Phase Transitions and Atomic Theory

• Phase transitions (solid, liquid, gas) are explained by differences in the kinetic energy and intermolecular forces between atoms and molecules.

Test your knowledge on atomic theory, the periodic table, and the nature of salts and molecules. This quiz also covers chemical reactions and the law of mass conservation. Challenge yourself with questions ranging from basic concepts to their applications.