COPY: Atoms and Subatomic Particles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the charge of a proton?

  • Neutral
  • Positive (correct)
  • Negative
  • Attractive

What defines the atomic number of an element?

  • The average mass of the element
  • The total number of protons and neutrons
  • The number of protons in an atom (correct)
  • The number of neutrons in an atom

Which particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?

  • Only neutrons
  • Only protons
  • Protons and electrons
  • Protons and neutrons (correct)

What is the mass of an electron compared to protons and neutrons?

<p>Less than protons and neutrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the mass number of an atom represent?

<p>The sum of protons and neutrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ion?

<p>An atom with an electric charge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Lewis diagrams represent?

<p>The number of valence electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ion has more electrons than protons?

<p>Anion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do acids produce in aqueous solutions?

<p>H+ ions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction?

<p>Increases the reaction rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a catalyst?

<p>A substance that increases reaction rate without being consumed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon does Le Chatelier's principle describe?

<p>How systems at equilibrium respond to changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of radiation is emitted during alpha decay?

<p>Alpha particles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during beta minus decay?

<p>A neutron becomes a proton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of half-life?

<p>The time required for half of a radioactive sample to decay (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during nuclear fusion?

<p>Two or more nuclei combine to form a different nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does gamma decay differ from alpha and beta decay?

<p>It does not change the number of protons or neutrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction does E=mc^2 relate to in the context of nuclear processes?

<p>Nuclear fusion and fission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of exothermic reactions?

<p>Energy is released into the surroundings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction involves one reactant breaking down to form multiple products?

<p>Decomposition reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a redox reaction, what occurs to an atom that loses electrons?

<p>It is oxidized. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Activity Series help to predict?

<p>Whether a replacement reaction will occur. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is most likely to form between two elements with large differences in electronegativity?

<p>Ionic bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do dipole-dipole forces occur between?

<p>Polar molecules with permanent dipoles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law states that heat will flow from a warmer system to a cooler system until thermal equilibrium is reached?

<p>Second law of thermodynamics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is thermal energy a measure of?

<p>Kinetic energy of randomly moving particles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of solubility, which statement is correct regarding 'like dissolves like'?

<p>Substances with similar polarities tend to be soluble in one another. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors influence the strength of London dispersion forces?

<p>Size and polarizability of molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between vapor pressure and intermolecular forces?

<p>Stronger intermolecular forces lead to lower vapor pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these postulates is NOT included in the kinetic molecular theory?

<p>Particles exert attractive forces on one another. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives double replacement reactions to occur?

<p>Formation of a precipitate, gas, or water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when an electron absorbs a photon with energy equal to the difference between two energy levels?

<p>The electron transitions to a higher energy level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is most likely to gain one electron to achieve a full octet?

<p>Fluorine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Aufbau principle state about electron filling in atoms?

<p>Electrons fill lower-energy orbitals before higher-energy ones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes ionic bonds?

<p>The attraction between positively and negatively charged ions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trend occurs when moving across a period in the periodic table?

<p>Ionization energy tends to increase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration of the lithium ion (Li⁺)?

<p>1s² (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond typically forms between a metal and a nonmetal?

<p>Ionic bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do elements in the same group of the periodic table relate to each other?

<p>They share similar chemical properties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do electrons behave within the same subshell?

<p>They have the same energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to ionization energy as one moves down a group in the periodic table?

<p>Ionization energy decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend is observed in atomic radius when moving down a group?

<p>Atomic radius increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a metallic bond?

<p>Attraction between cations and delocalized electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What visual representation aids in understanding how atoms bond in a molecule?

<p>Lewis diagrams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the process of ionization?

<p>Losing an electron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between isotopes of the same element?

<p>They have different numbers of neutrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the mass number of an atom?

<p>It is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Lewis diagrams indicate about an atom or ion?

<p>The number of valence electrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines an atom as an ion?

<p>It has an electric charge due to unequal numbers of protons and electrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the average atomic mass of an element determined?

<p>It is the weighted average of the masses of all isotopes in a natural sample. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when an electron transitions to a lower energy level?

<p>A photon is emitted. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle helps predict the electron configurations for atoms?

<p>Aufbau principle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of ionic bonds?

<p>Attraction between oppositely charged ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the atomic radius change as you move across a period in the periodic table?

<p>It decreases due to increased nuclear charge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ionization energy as you move down a group in the periodic table?

<p>It tends to decrease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction involves two compounds exchanging ions?

<p>Double replacement reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the process of oxidation in a redox reaction?

<p>It occurs when an atom loses electrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is formed when there is a large difference in electronegativity between two elements?

<p>Ionic bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that causes a liquid's vapor pressure to decrease?

<p>Intermolecular forces are stronger. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law states that energy is conserved within a system and its surroundings?

<p>First law of thermodynamics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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