Atoms and Radioactivity Chapter 1 Quiz

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What are the three basic subatomic particles?

Photon, neutron, and electron

Electron, proton, and neutron (correct)

Neutrino, positron, and electron

Proton, electron, and positron

Which subatomic particle is neutral or uncharged?

Proton

Positron

Neutron (correct)

Electron

Where are protons and neutrons clustered in an atom?

Electron cloud

In the nucleus (correct)

Around the nucleus

Dispersed throughout the area around the nucleus

What is the overall charge of atoms?

Neutral Signup and view all the answers

What is the space occupied by the electrons called?

Electron cloud Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particles are charged?

Protons and electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of a proton and neutron in atomic mass units (amu)?

1 amu Signup and view all the answers

How many times lighter is the mass of an electron compared to that of a proton or neutron?

How is the atomic number of an element related to the number of protons?

It is equal to the number of protons Signup and view all the answers

What does the mass number of an atom represent?

The total number of protons and neutrons Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to atoms of the same element with different mass numbers?

Isotopes Signup and view all the answers

How are isotopes indicated in symbolic notation?

$^{12}C$ Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic mass depend on?

The proportion of each isotope Signup and view all the answers

What do we call elements that emit nuclear radiation?

Radioactive elements Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for energy given off spontaneously from the nucleus of an atom?

Nuclear radiation Signup and view all the answers

'All atoms of carbon have six protons' - What does this imply about the number of electrons in a carbon atom?

$6$ electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of iodine-131 in medical applications?

It is used for imaging functional thyroid tissue and thyroid cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'theranostic' in the context of nuclear medicine?

Combining diagnostic imaging and treatment using the same molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sodium-iodine symporters (NIS) in the process of iodine uptake by thyroid follicular cells?

To help in the selective uptake of iodine by thyroid follicular cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential role of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) in the process of iodine uptake by the thyroid gland?

Regulating the activity of sodium-iodine symporters (NIS) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to iodine once it enters follicular cells in the thyroid gland?

It is oxidized by thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme to form iodine Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of iodine in relation to thyroid hormone production?

Iodine is required for thyroid hormone production Signup and view all the answers

Which radioactive iodine is commonly used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism caused by Grave’s disease?

131I Signup and view all the answers

What is the decay mode of 131I?

Beta particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical half-life of 131I?

Approximately 8 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the main biochemical reaction involved in generating thyroid hormones T4 and T3?

Organification of iodine into thyroglobulin Signup and view all the answers

What can occur during a radionuclide scan due to radiation given off by 131I?

Temporary suppression of iodine production from thyroid Signup and view all the answers

What happens to 131I when released into the environment?

It readily combines with other elements and does not stay in its pure form Signup and view all the answers

What is a radiological phenomenon that a clinician needs to be aware of when administering radioactive iodine?

"Stunning" effect on thyroid cells Signup and view all the answers

Which isotopes are commonly used in thyroid scans?

(123I) and (131I) Signup and view all the answers

"Thyroid stunning" can occur due to the radiation given off by which radioactive isotope?

(131I) Signup and view all the answers

"Beta emission" and "gamma emission" are characteristics of which radioactive isotope commonly used in thyroid scans?