32 Questions
What are the three basic subatomic particles?
Electron, proton, and neutron
Which subatomic particle is neutral or uncharged?
Neutron
Where are protons and neutrons clustered in an atom?
In the nucleus
What is the overall charge of atoms?
Neutral
What is the space occupied by the electrons called?
Electron cloud
Which subatomic particles are charged?
Protons and electrons
What is the mass of a proton and neutron in atomic mass units (amu)?
1 amu
How many times lighter is the mass of an electron compared to that of a proton or neutron?
2000 times
How is the atomic number of an element related to the number of protons?
It is equal to the number of protons
What does the mass number of an atom represent?
The total number of protons and neutrons
Which term refers to atoms of the same element with different mass numbers?
Isotopes
How are isotopes indicated in symbolic notation?
$^{12}C$
What does the atomic mass depend on?
The proportion of each isotope
What do we call elements that emit nuclear radiation?
Radioactive elements
What is the term for energy given off spontaneously from the nucleus of an atom?
Nuclear radiation
'All atoms of carbon have six protons' - What does this imply about the number of electrons in a carbon atom?
$6$ electrons
What is the function of iodine-131 in medical applications?
It is used for imaging functional thyroid tissue and thyroid cancer
What is the meaning of 'theranostic' in the context of nuclear medicine?
Combining diagnostic imaging and treatment using the same molecule
What is the role of sodium-iodine symporters (NIS) in the process of iodine uptake by thyroid follicular cells?
To help in the selective uptake of iodine by thyroid follicular cells
What is the essential role of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) in the process of iodine uptake by the thyroid gland?
Regulating the activity of sodium-iodine symporters (NIS)
What happens to iodine once it enters follicular cells in the thyroid gland?
It is oxidized by thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme to form iodine
What is the significance of iodine in relation to thyroid hormone production?
Iodine is required for thyroid hormone production
Which radioactive iodine is commonly used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism caused by Grave’s disease?
131I
What is the decay mode of 131I?
Beta particles
What is the physical half-life of 131I?
Approximately 8 days
What is the main biochemical reaction involved in generating thyroid hormones T4 and T3?
Organification of iodine into thyroglobulin
What can occur during a radionuclide scan due to radiation given off by 131I?
Temporary suppression of iodine production from thyroid
What happens to 131I when released into the environment?
It readily combines with other elements and does not stay in its pure form
What is a radiological phenomenon that a clinician needs to be aware of when administering radioactive iodine?
"Stunning" effect on thyroid cells
Which isotopes are commonly used in thyroid scans?
(123I) and (131I)
"Thyroid stunning" can occur due to the radiation given off by which radioactive isotope?
(131I)
"Beta emission" and "gamma emission" are characteristics of which radioactive isotope commonly used in thyroid scans?
(131I)
Test your knowledge about atoms, subatomic particles, atomic and mass numbers, isotopes, radioactivity, nuclear equations, radiation units, half-lives, and medical applications for radioisotopes.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
