Atoms and Radioactivity Chapter 1 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the three basic subatomic particles?

  • Photon, neutron, and electron
  • Electron, proton, and neutron (correct)
  • Neutrino, positron, and electron
  • Proton, electron, and positron

Which subatomic particle is neutral or uncharged?

  • Proton
  • Positron
  • Neutron (correct)
  • Electron

Where are protons and neutrons clustered in an atom?

  • Electron cloud
  • In the nucleus (correct)
  • Around the nucleus
  • Dispersed throughout the area around the nucleus

What is the overall charge of atoms?

<p>Neutral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the space occupied by the electrons called?

<p>Electron cloud (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particles are charged?

<p>Protons and electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of a proton and neutron in atomic mass units (amu)?

<p>1 amu (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times lighter is the mass of an electron compared to that of a proton or neutron?

<p>2000 times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the atomic number of an element related to the number of protons?

<p>It is equal to the number of protons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the mass number of an atom represent?

<p>The total number of protons and neutrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to atoms of the same element with different mass numbers?

<p>Isotopes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are isotopes indicated in symbolic notation?

<p>$^{12}C$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic mass depend on?

<p>The proportion of each isotope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call elements that emit nuclear radiation?

<p>Radioactive elements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for energy given off spontaneously from the nucleus of an atom?

<p>Nuclear radiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'All atoms of carbon have six protons' - What does this imply about the number of electrons in a carbon atom?

<p>$6$ electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of iodine-131 in medical applications?

<p>It is used for imaging functional thyroid tissue and thyroid cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'theranostic' in the context of nuclear medicine?

<p>Combining diagnostic imaging and treatment using the same molecule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sodium-iodine symporters (NIS) in the process of iodine uptake by thyroid follicular cells?

<p>To help in the selective uptake of iodine by thyroid follicular cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential role of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) in the process of iodine uptake by the thyroid gland?

<p>Regulating the activity of sodium-iodine symporters (NIS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to iodine once it enters follicular cells in the thyroid gland?

<p>It is oxidized by thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme to form iodine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of iodine in relation to thyroid hormone production?

<p>Iodine is required for thyroid hormone production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which radioactive iodine is commonly used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism caused by Grave’s disease?

<p>131I (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the decay mode of 131I?

<p>Beta particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical half-life of 131I?

<p>Approximately 8 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main biochemical reaction involved in generating thyroid hormones T4 and T3?

<p>Organification of iodine into thyroglobulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can occur during a radionuclide scan due to radiation given off by 131I?

<p>Temporary suppression of iodine production from thyroid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to 131I when released into the environment?

<p>It readily combines with other elements and does not stay in its pure form (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a radiological phenomenon that a clinician needs to be aware of when administering radioactive iodine?

<p>&quot;Stunning&quot; effect on thyroid cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which isotopes are commonly used in thyroid scans?

<p>(123I) and (131I) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Thyroid stunning" can occur due to the radiation given off by which radioactive isotope?

<p>(131I) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Beta emission" and "gamma emission" are characteristics of which radioactive isotope commonly used in thyroid scans?

<p>(131I) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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