Atoms and Periodic Table Chemistry Test

Questions and Answers

What is the atomic number of zirconium?

Which element is classified as an alkali metal?

Rb (correct)

When electrons are removed from the outermost shell of a calcium atom, what does the atom become?

a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.

Who was the first to propose the existence of atoms?

Democritus Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is given by the angular momentum quantum number?

orbital shape Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about iron (Fe) is supported by modern atomic theory but not by John Dalton's theory?

The electrons of iron have probable locations in a region of space around the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Why are exceptions to the general trend of ionization energy observed between group 2 and group 13?

The ionization energy decreases because the full s orbital shields the electron entering the p orbital. Signup and view all the answers

How do electrons fill orbitals in the periodic table?

Electrons fill orbitals in order of their increasing energy from left to right. Signup and view all the answers

What are the correct possible values of l for n = 2?

0, 1 Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does aluminum (Al) have available for bonding?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Which describes Ernest Rutherford's experiment?

Positive particles are fired at gold foil. Most pass through, but some bounce back. Signup and view all the answers

How did Niels Bohr describe electrons in his atomic model?

They orbit the central nucleus in discrete paths. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the three isotopes of hydrogen (1H, 2H, and 3H)?

The number of neutrons ranges from 0 to 2. Signup and view all the answers

What element has 11 protons, 11 electrons, and 12 neutrons?

Na Signup and view all the answers

In which orbitals would the valence electrons for selenium (Se) be placed?

s orbital and p orbital Signup and view all the answers

Which element has the largest atomic radius?

Sb Signup and view all the answers

When is it better to use orbital notation rather than a written configuration with numbers, letters, and superscripts?

When the aim is to show electron distributions in shells. Signup and view all the answers

Why does ionization energy tend to decrease from the top to the bottom of a group?

Electrons get farther from the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is a correct set of values of m for one of the subshells of n = 2?

-1, 0, 1 Signup and view all the answers

What did Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment demonstrate about an atom?

Positive charge occupies a very small volume in the atom. Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is known for developing the planetary model of the atom?

Niels Bohr Signup and view all the answers

Which element is the most reactive?

sodium Signup and view all the answers

What is the best identification for the particle labeled with an X in a diagram of subatomic particles?

It is either a nucleus or a proton. Signup and view all the answers

Which of Dalton's ideas about the atom did J.J. Thomson's experiment disprove?

It disproved that atoms contain protons. Signup and view all the answers

Which symbols would be included in the noble gas notation for an element that had valence electrons in the 5s subshell?

Kr Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atomic Number and Elements

Zirconium has an atomic number of 40.
Rubidium (Rb) is classified as an alkali metal.

Electron Configuration and Atomic Structure

When outermost electrons are removed from a calcium atom, it becomes a cation with a smaller radius.
The angular momentum quantum number indicates the shape of an orbital.
Electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy from left to right in the periodic table.
The valence electrons of aluminum (Al) are 3, available for bonding.

Isotopes and Neutrons

Hydrogen has three isotopes: 1H, 2H, and 3H, differentiated by the number of neutrons (0-2).

Historical Models of the Atom

Democritus was the first to propose the existence of atoms.
Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment revealed that most positive particles passed through gold foil, while some bounced back, indicating a small dense nucleus.
Niels Bohr described electrons as orbiting the nucleus in discrete paths, forming the planetary model.

Ionization Energy Trends

Ionization energy generally increases across a period, but shows a decrease between groups 2 and 13 due to the full s orbital shielding the electron in the p orbital.
Ionization energy decreases from top to bottom in a group because electrons are farther from the nucleus.

Quantum Numbers and Electron Configuration

For n = 2, the possible l values are 0 and 1; valid m values for a subshell of n = 2 are -1, 0, and 1.
For selenium (Se), valence electrons reside in the s and p orbitals.
Noble gas notation for elements with valence electrons in the 5s subshell includes krypton (Kr).

Reactivity and Atomic Radius

Sodium is recognized as the most reactive element.
Antimony (Sb) has the largest atomic radius among the elements.

Modern Atomic Theory vs. Dalton's Theory

Modern atomic theory supports the idea that electrons exist in probable locations around the nucleus, contrary to Dalton's theory which lacked this understanding.
J.J. Thomson's experiment disproved Dalton’s notion that atoms contain solely protons.

Subatomic Particles

A labeled particle marked with X can either be identified as a nucleus or a proton.
Positive charge in an atom occupies a very small volume, as demonstrated in Rutherford's experiment.

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Description

Test your knowledge on atomic structure and the periodic table with this quiz. It covers topics like atomic numbers, alkali metals, and electron configurations. Perfect for chemistry students looking to reinforce their understanding.