Chemistry Chapter: Atomic Structure and Periodic Table
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Questions and Answers

What occurs during a physical change?

  • New substances are formed.
  • Chemical reactions produce heat.
  • Molecular bonds are broken.
  • The physical state of the material changes. (correct)

Which group of the periodic table has elements with 6 valence electrons?

  • Group 18
  • Group 16 (correct)
  • Group 2
  • Group 15

Which of the following is a sign of a chemical change?

  • Change in mass
  • Dissolving in water
  • Change in size
  • Formation of a gas (correct)

How many electron shells do elements in period 3 possess?

<p>3 electron shells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes a chemical reaction?

<p>It always produces a new substance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the products formed in the reaction between magnesium and oxygen?

<p>Magnesium oxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of valence electrons in elements of Group 14?

<p>4 valence electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these examples represents a physical change?

<p>Ice melting into water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between protons and electrons in a neutral atom?

<p>The number of protons equals the number of electrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

<p>By subtracting the atomic number from the mass number. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals has the highest thermal conductivity according to the data provided?

<p>Aluminum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of aluminum makes it a preferable material for cooking pots over lead?

<p>Higher thermal conductivity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two elements belong to the same group in the Periodic Table based on the instruction provided?

<p>Aluminum and Hydrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of aluminum based on the data provided?

<p>2.7 g/m³ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is hydrogen considered a non-metal despite its placement?

<p>It lacks the metallic properties of other elements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals has moderate reactivity?

<p>Lead (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of bond is typically formed between non-metal elements?

<p>Covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a magnesium atom in order to achieve a stable electron configuration?

<p>It loses 2 electrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do non-metal elements typically form ions?

<p>By gaining electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a word equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen, what is the product formed?

<p>Magnesium oxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an ion?

<p>An atom that has lost or gained electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is most likely to form a +2 ion?

<p>Calcium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes ionic compounds formed from a chemical reaction?

<p>They are composed of ions formed from metals and non-metals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of the oxide ion (O^2-) after gaining electrons?

<p>-2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of Barium when it forms an ionic bond?

<p>+2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly names the ionic compound formed from sodium and fluorine?

<p>Sodium Fluoride (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chlorine ions are needed to balance the charge of one magnesium ion in the compound MgCl2?

<p>2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for aluminum oxide?

<p>Al2O3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rule states that all metal ions retain the same name as their corresponding metal atom?

<p>Rule 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What naming convention is used for a simple monatomic ion like S^2-?

<p>Ends with 'ide' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the ionic compound formed between potassium and sulfate?

<p>K2SO4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions requires an additional hydrogen to form a new ion, as seen in the exception rule?

<p>NH4^+ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

Electrons

Negatively charged particles in an atom, equal in number to protons in a neutral atom.

Neutrons

Neutral particles in an atom's nucleus.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

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Neutral Atom

An atom with no overall charge, meaning the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

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Thermal Conductivity

A material's ability to transfer heat.

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Density

The amount of mass per unit volume of a substance.

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Metals

Elements generally found on the left side of the periodic table.

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Non-Metals

Elements generally found on the right side of the periodic table.

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Cooking Pot Material Selection

Choosing the best material for a cooking pot based on its thermal conductivity, density and reactivity.

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Physical Change

A change in the physical state of matter without forming new substances.

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Chemical Change

A change in which new substances are formed by breaking and forming bonds at the molecular level.

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Reactants

The starting materials in a chemical reaction.

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Products

The new substances formed in a chemical reaction.

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Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, determining its chemical properties.

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Electron Configuration

The arrangement of electrons in different energy levels around the atom's nucleus.

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Periodic Table Group

A vertical column in the periodic table, containing elements with similar valence electron configurations and reactivity.

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Periodic Table Period

A horizontal row in the periodic table, containing elements with increasing number of electron shells.

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Chemical Equation

A representation of a chemical reaction using symbols to show the reactants and products.

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Group 1

Elements in the periodic table's first group (with one valence electron.

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Ionic Bonding

Atoms transfer electrons to achieve a full outer shell, creating ions with opposite charges that attract.

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Covalent Bonding

Atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell.

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Ion

An atom that has gained or lost electrons, carrying a net positive or negative charge.

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Metal Ion Formation

Metals lose electrons to form positively charged ions (cations) to achieve a full outer shell.

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Non-metal Ion Formation

Non-metals gain electrons to form negatively charged ions (anions) to achieve a full outer shell.

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Reactivity of Materials (Cooking Pot)

Materials with low reactivity, such as aluminum, are used to prevent contamination of cooked food.

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Magnesium Oxide Formation

Magnesium reacts with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide.

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Ionic Compounds

Compounds formed from the combination of metal and non-metal atoms that form ions.

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Ionic Bond Formation

Attraction between oppositely charged ions (positive and negative).

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Writing Ionic Formulas

Representing ionic compounds by showing the ratio of ions needed for a neutral compound.

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Barium Ion Charge

Barium ions have a +2 charge.

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Chlorine Ion Charge

Chlorine ions have a -1 charge.

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Ionic Formula Example (BaCl2)

Barium Chloride formula shows that it takes 2 Cl for each Ba.

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Naming Metal Ions

Metal ions are named by using simple metal names.

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Naming Nonmetal Ions

Nonmetal ions end in "ide".

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Naming Polyatomic Ions

Ions with multiple atoms in the group.

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Balancing Ionic Charges

Combining ions in a way to equal zero net charge, forming a neutral compound.

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Diatomic Elements

Elements that exist as pairs in nature: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2

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Writing Symbol Equation

Using chemical symbols to show reactants changing into products

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Study Notes

Atomic Structure Core Notes

  •  Chemical changes result in new substances, while physical changes do not.
  •  Physical changes alter the physical state of a substance (e.g., melting, dissolving).
  •  Chemical changes involve breaking and forming bonds, indicated by changes in color, temperature, gas production, or a change in mass.
  •  Chemical reactions can be represented using chemical equations, with reactants (starting substances) forming products (new substances).  

Element Arrangement in the Periodic Table

  • Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
  • Rows are called periods.
  • Columns are called groups, and elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
  • Metals are generally located on the left side of the table, and nonmetals on the right.

Electron Configuration and Valence Electrons

  • Group number corresponds to the number of valence electrons an element has.
  • Valence electrons determine chemical behavior; elements in the same group have similar reactivity.
  • Specific periods have a certain number of electron shells.  

Common Element Names and Symbols

  • List of common elements with their symbols, including examples like hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and different metals.

Calculating Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

  • Mass number = number of protons + neutrons.
  • Atomic number = number of protons.
  • Number of electrons = number of protons (in a neutral atom).
  • Neutrons = mass number - atomic number

Atomic Neutrality

  • Atoms normally have the same number of electrons and protons to maintain a neutral overall charge. 
  • The gain or loss of electrons results in ions (charged particles).

Metals vs. Nonmetals

  • Metals are located on the left side of the periodic table.
  • Nonmetals are located on the right side.
  • Properties such as electrical conductivity differ between metals and nonmetals.  

Ionic and Covalent Bonding

  • Ionic bonds form between a metal and a nonmetal. 
  • Covalent bonds form between nonmetals due to sharing of electrons. 

Nomenclature of Ions and Compounds

  • Naming rules for ions and ionic compounds based on their position in the periodic table. 
  • Writing formulas of ionic and covalent compounds.
  • Naming and writing formulas for ionic and covalent compounds is explained using examples.

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Related Documents

Yr 10C Atomic Structure Core Notes PDF

Description

Test your understanding of atomic structure, chemical and physical changes, and how elements are arranged in the periodic table. This quiz covers key concepts such as electron configuration and the significance of valence electrons in determining chemical properties.

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