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Questions and Answers
What is the diameter of the smallest atom, hydrogen?
The symbol of an element always has three letters.
False
What is the symbol for chlorine?
Cl
The atoms of some elements join in pairs, for example, _______________________ and oxygen.
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Match the following elements with their symbols:
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All molecules are composed of atoms of the same type.
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What is the term for a group of atoms joined together?
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What is the symbol for the element phosphorus?
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Study Notes
Atoms
- Everything is made up of billions of extremely small atoms.
- The smallest atom is hydrogen, with a diameter of 0.000 000 07 mm (or 7×10−8 mm).
- Atoms of different elements have different diameters and masses.
- Chemists use symbols to label the elements and their atoms, consisting of one, two, or three letters, with the first letter always being a capital.
- Symbols are often derived from the element's name, but some come from their Latin names, such as Na for sodium (natrium) and Pb for lead (plumbum).
Molecules
- Atoms of some elements are joined together in small groups called molecules.
- Diatomic molecules are formed when atoms of some elements join in pairs, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine (e.g., Cl2).
- Some elements, like phosphorus and sulfur, join in larger numbers, forming molecules like P4 and S8.
- Monatomic molecules are composed of separate, individual atoms, and are written in chemical shorthand as He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn for the gaseous elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
- Molecules are not always formed by atoms of the same type joining together, as elemental molecules.
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Description
Learn about the building blocks of matter, including the size and properties of atoms, and how chemists use symbols to represent elements.
