Atomic Theory and Structure Quiz

Dalton proposed that atoms cannot be created or destroyed, and that atoms of the same element have identical size, mass, and properties.

Thomson discovered the electron, a negatively charged subatomic particle, through experiments with cathode rays.

Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of an atom.

<p>Rutherford discovered the alpha particle and named the beta particle and gamma ray.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light energy is electromagnetic radiation, and visible light is a portion of this spectrum that can be seen by the human eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a metal surface when light shines on it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Planck's constant is a fundamental constant in physics that relates the energy of a photon to its frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A quantum of energy is a discrete packet of energy that can be absorbed or emitted by an atom or molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A photon is a particle of light energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The classical theory of light describes light as a transverse wave consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that are perpendicular to each other and to the direction the wave travels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spectroscopy is the scientific study of spectra, which are the patterns of light emitted or absorbed by substances, in order to determine the properties of the source of the spectra.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An emission spectrum is the pattern of bright lines seen when the electromagnetic radiation of a substance is passed through a spectrometer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A continuous spectrum contains all the wavelengths in a specific region of the electromagnetic spectrum, as seen when white light is passed through a prism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A line spectrum contains only particular wavelengths of the element being studied and arises when excited electrons emit energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bohr model of the atom proposed that electrons could move in specific orbits around the nucleus, each with a specific energy level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A transition in the Bohr model refers to the movement of an electron from one energy level to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ground state of an atom is the lowest possible energy state for the atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The quantum mechanical model of the atom describes electrons as standing waves and their locations in terms of probability distributions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An orbital is a region of space around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heisenberg's uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to know both the exact position and momentum of a particle simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A wave function is a mathematical function that describes the probability of finding an electron in a certain region of space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electron probability density is a plot that indicates regions around the nucleus with the greatest probability of finding an electron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantum numbers are a set of numbers that describe the properties of an electron in an atom, including its energy level, orbital shape, and spin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principal quantum number (n) describes the energy level and size of an electron's orbital. It can have whole number values (1, 2, 3, ...).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The secondary quantum number (l) describes the shape of an electron's orbital. It can have integer values from 0 to n - 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The magnetic quantum number (ml) describes the orientation of an electron's orbital in space relative to the other orbitals in the atom. It can have integer values from -l to +l, including 0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spin quantum number (ms) describes the intrinsic angular momentum of an electron, often referred to as its spin. It can have a value of +1/2 or - 1/2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantum numbers define the position of an electron in an atom by specifying its energy level, orbital shape, orbital orientation, and spin.</p> Signup and view all the answers