Atomic Theory and Early Models of Matter
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary conclusion of the atomic theory?

  • Atoms can be created or destroyed.
  • All matter is made of atoms. (correct)
  • Atoms can be divided into smaller particles.
  • All atoms are of different elements.

    • Which statement is true regarding atoms of different elements?

  • They can be transformed into each other.
  • They are composed of the same kind of atoms.
  • They have the same mass.
  • They are different from each other. (correct)

    • What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?

  • Mass only decreases during chemical reactions.
  • Mass always increases in chemical reactions.
  • Mass changes but matter cannot be created or destroyed. (correct)
  • Matter can be created and destroyed.

    • What did John Dalton propose about atoms?

    <p>Atoms are indivisible and a solid positive sphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was J.J. Thomson's contribution to atomic theory?

    <p>He proposed the existence of electrons within atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Ernest Rutherford demonstrate about the atom?

    <p>Atoms contain most of their mass in a positively charged nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using a Cathode Ray Tube, what did J.J. Thomson conclude about the light beam?

    <p>The beam is attracted to positive charges, suggesting it is negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compound composed of?

    <p>Two or more elements joined together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Atomic Theory

    • All matter is composed of atoms.
    • Atoms are indivisible.
    • All atoms of the same element are identical.
    • Atoms of different elements differ from each other.
    • Compounds form when two or more elements combine.

    Law of Conservation of Mass

    • Matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
    • The mass of a substance never changes, but its weight can change due to gravity.

    John Dalton

    • Proposed the Atomic Theory, suggesting that atoms are indivisible and solid, positively charged spheres.
    • Dalton's experiments determined that substances are composed of specific proportions of atoms.
    • His model is known as the Billiard Ball Model.

    J.J. Thomson

    • Discovered electrons (negatively charged particles) within a positively charged solid sphere.
    • Thomson's model is known as the Plum Pudding Model.
    • Used the Cathode Ray Tube to demonstrate that a positively charged plate attracts a beam of light, proving that the beam must be negatively charged.
    • He called the negatively charged particles "corpuscles," later named electrons.

    Ernest Rutherford

    • Demonstrated that atoms have a positively charged nucleus containing most of the atom's mass, surrounded by empty negative space.
    • His experiments used alpha particles to bombard gold foil.

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    Description

    Explore the foundational concepts of atomic theory, including the contributions of John Dalton and J.J. Thomson. Learn about the fundamental principles such as the indivisibility of atoms and the law of conservation of mass. Test your understanding of how these early scientists shaped our current knowledge of matter.

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