Atomic Structure Quiz

Atomic Structure

• The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in its atom.
• The atomic mass of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in its atom.

Electron Configuration

• Electron configuration refers to the arrangement of electrons in an atom's electron shells.
• The maximum number of electrons in a shell is given by the formula 2n, where n is the shell number.
• The first shell can hold up to 2 electrons, the second shell up to 8 electrons, and the third shell up to 18 electrons.

Electron Shells

• The first shell is completed with 2 electrons, which is why there are only two elements in period 1 (H and He).
• In period 2, the second shell is completed one electron at a time going across the period from left to right.
• In period 3, the third shell is completed one electron at a time going across the period from left to right.

Patterns of Electron Arrangements

• The pattern of outer shell electrons in a group is the same.
• The pattern of outer shell electrons across a period is sequential (1, 2, 3, ...).
• The pattern of full electron shells in a group is also sequential.

The Periodic Table

• The periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
• The table is arranged in rows (periods) and columns (groups).
• The periodic table shows the number of shells occupied by electrons in an atom.
• The number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom can be determined from its group number in the periodic table.

Structure of the Atom

• The atom is made up of three types of particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, and electrons have a negative charge.
• Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, while electrons are found in the electron cloud.

Atomic Number and Atomic Mass

• The atomic number of an element determines the number of protons in its atom.
• The atomic mass of an element determines the total number of protons and neutrons in its atom.
• The number of neutrons in an atom can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass.

Elements

• Elements are unique because they have different numbers of protons, which determines their atomic number.
• Atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons and electrons.