Class 9 Science Chapter 1: Atomic Structure Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element?

  • Proton
  • Atom (correct)
  • Electron
  • Molecule

What is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom called?

  • Atomic number
  • Nucleon number (correct)
  • Valence electrons
  • Atomic mass

Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?

  • Neutron
  • Proton (correct)
  • Nucleus
  • Electron

Explain the concept of an atomic number and its significance in determining the identity of an element.

<p>The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It is crucial in identifying the specific element, as each element has a unique atomic number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the role of electrons in determining the chemical behavior of an element.

<p>Electrons are involved in chemical reactions and bonding. The number of electrons in the outer shell determines the element's chemical behavior and reactivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the differences between an atom and an ion, and provide an example of an ion.

<p>An atom is electrically neutral, while an ion has a net positive or negative charge. An example of an ion is the chloride ion (Cl-), formed when a chlorine atom gains an electron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an atom and an isotope?

<p>An atom is a basic unit of matter, while an isotope is a variant of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the periodic table in understanding the properties of elements.

<p>The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number and properties, allowing for easy identification of trends and relationships between elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the electron configuration of an atom contribute to its chemical reactivity?

<p>The arrangement of electrons in the electron shells determines the stability and reactivity of an atom by influencing its ability to form chemical bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Atom

The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. It is composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.

Nucleon Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Proton

A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It carries a positive electric charge.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It defines the element's identity.

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Electrons

Negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. They determine an element's chemical reactivity.

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Ion

An atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge. It is no longer electrically neutral.

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Isotope

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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Periodic Table

A chart that organizes elements based on their atomic number and properties. It reveals periodic trends and relationships between elements.

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Electron Configuration

The arrangement of electrons in different energy levels or shells around the nucleus of an atom. It determines its chemical reactivity.

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Study Notes

Atomic Structure

  • The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element is an atom.
  • The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the mass number.

Subatomic Particles

  • Protons have a positive charge.
  • Neutrons have no charge.
  • Electrons have a negative charge.

Atomic Number

  • The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
  • The atomic number determines the identity of an element.
  • Each element has a unique atomic number.

Chemical Behavior

  • Electrons in the outermost energy level (valence shell) determine the chemical behavior of an element.
  • The number of electrons in the valence shell determines the element's reactivity.
  • Electrons are involved in chemical bonding and reactions.

Atoms and Ions

  • An atom is a neutral particle with an equal number of protons and electrons.
  • An ion is a charged particle with an unequal number of protons and electrons.
  • Example: Sodium (Na) becomes a positively charged ion (Na+) when it loses an electron.

Atoms and Isotopes

  • Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called isotopes.
  • Isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties but different physical properties.

Periodic Table

  • The periodic table is a systematic arrangement of elements based on their atomic number and properties.
  • The periodic table helps to understand the relationships between elements and their properties.

Electron Configuration

  • The electron configuration of an atom is the arrangement of electrons in its energy levels.
  • The electron configuration determines the chemical reactivity of an element.
  • Elements with similar electron configurations exhibit similar chemical behavior.

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