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What is the charge of a proton?
What is the charge of a proton?
The mass of an electron is considered to be significant compared to a proton.
The mass of an electron is considered to be significant compared to a proton.
False
Who was awarded the Nobel prize in Physics in 1906 for his work on the discovery of electrons?
Who was awarded the Nobel prize in Physics in 1906 for his work on the discovery of electrons?
J.J. Thomson
An atom contains protons and __________, which mutually balance their charges.
An atom contains protons and __________, which mutually balance their charges.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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If an atom contains one electron and one proton, what will its overall charge be?
If an atom contains one electron and one proton, what will its overall charge be?
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Electrons can easily be peeled off from the interior of an atom.
Electrons can easily be peeled off from the interior of an atom.
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The mass of a proton is approximately __________ times that of an electron.
The mass of a proton is approximately __________ times that of an electron.
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What is the atomic number of helium?
What is the atomic number of helium?
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Helium has three electrons in its outermost shell.
Helium has three electrons in its outermost shell.
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How many neutrons are present in a helium atom?
How many neutrons are present in a helium atom?
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Helium is a(n) ______ gas.
Helium is a(n) ______ gas.
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What is the valency of helium?
What is the valency of helium?
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Match the following elements with their electron configuration distribution:
Match the following elements with their electron configuration distribution:
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Argon has a higher atomic number than helium.
Argon has a higher atomic number than helium.
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How many total electrons does a helium atom have?
How many total electrons does a helium atom have?
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What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in the M-shell?
What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in the M-shell?
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A helium atom has 2 protons and 2 neutrons in its nucleus.
A helium atom has 2 protons and 2 neutrons in its nucleus.
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List the three sub-atomic particles of an atom.
List the three sub-atomic particles of an atom.
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The maximum number of electrons in the first orbit or K-shell is ______.
The maximum number of electrons in the first orbit or K-shell is ______.
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According to the electron distribution rules, if both K and L shells are full, what is the total number of electrons?
According to the electron distribution rules, if both K and L shells are full, what is the total number of electrons?
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The first energy level of an atom can hold up to 8 electrons.
The first energy level of an atom can hold up to 8 electrons.
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How many electrons can the L-shell hold?
How many electrons can the L-shell hold?
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Match the following energy levels with their maximum electron capacity:
Match the following energy levels with their maximum electron capacity:
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What is the atomic number represented by 'Z'?
What is the atomic number represented by 'Z'?
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All atoms of an element have different atomic numbers.
All atoms of an element have different atomic numbers.
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How do you determine the valency of an element?
How do you determine the valency of an element?
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The mass number of an atom is the sum of its number of protons and ______.
The mass number of an atom is the sum of its number of protons and ______.
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Match the following elements with their atomic numbers:
Match the following elements with their atomic numbers:
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Which of the following elements has an atomic number of 14?
Which of the following elements has an atomic number of 14?
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Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different mass numbers.
Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different mass numbers.
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What is the charge on an atom if it has 8 electrons and 8 protons?
What is the charge on an atom if it has 8 electrons and 8 protons?
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What is the atomic number of carbon?
What is the atomic number of carbon?
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Isotopes of an element have different atomic numbers.
Isotopes of an element have different atomic numbers.
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Name the three isotopes of hydrogen.
Name the three isotopes of hydrogen.
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The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom defines its __________.
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom defines its __________.
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Match the following isotopes with their mass numbers:
Match the following isotopes with their mass numbers:
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Which of the following is a property of nucleons?
Which of the following is a property of nucleons?
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Chlorine has isotopes that have the same mass number.
Chlorine has isotopes that have the same mass number.
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What is the mass number of deuterium?
What is the mass number of deuterium?
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What does a fractional atomic mass of 35.5 u for chlorine indicate?
What does a fractional atomic mass of 35.5 u for chlorine indicate?
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Rutherford's model of the atom successfully explained the stability of the atom.
Rutherford's model of the atom successfully explained the stability of the atom.
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Who discovered neutrons in the nucleus of an atom?
Who discovered neutrons in the nucleus of an atom?
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The negatively charged subatomic particle is called a __________.
The negatively charged subatomic particle is called a __________.
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Match the following scientists with their contributions:
Match the following scientists with their contributions:
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What is true about electrons in Niels Bohr's model of the atom?
What is true about electrons in Niels Bohr's model of the atom?
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Protons have no charge.
Protons have no charge.
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Study Notes
The Charge of a Proton
- Protons carry a positive (+) charge.
- They are one of the fundamental particles that make up an atom.
Electron Mass
- The mass of an electron is significantly smaller than the mass of a proton.
Nobel Prize in Physics 1906
- J.J. Thomson received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1906 for his research leading to the discovery of the electron.
Atoms and Charges
- An atom contains both protons and electrons, which have opposite charges and balance each other out.
Atomic Structure
- An atom with one electron and one proton will have a neutral charge because the positive charge of the proton is canceled out by the negative charge of the electron.
Electron Removal
- Electrons can be easily removed from an atom's outer shell, leaving behind a positively charged ion.
Proton Mass
- The mass of a proton is approximately 1836 times greater than the mass of an electron.
Helium Properties
- Helium has an atomic number of 2.
- It has 2 electrons in its outermost shell.
- A Helium atom contains 2 neutrons.
- Helium is a noble gas, meaning it is unreactive due to having a full outer shell of electrons.
- Helium has a valency of 0 because it doesn't readily form chemical bonds.
Electron Configuration
- Each element has a unique electron configuration.
- Argon has a higher atomic number than helium, meaning it has more protons in its nucleus and more electrons in its electron shells.
- A helium atom has a total of 2 electrons.
Electron Shell Capacity
- The M-shell can hold a maximum of 18 electrons.
- A helium atom has 2 protons and 2 neutrons in its nucleus.
Subatomic Particles
- An atom consists of three primary subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Electron Shell Limits
- The first orbit or K-shell can hold up to 2 electrons.
- If both the K and L shells are full, they will hold a total number of 10 electrons (2+8).
- The first energy level can only hold up to 2 electrons.
- The L-shell can hold up to 8 electrons.
Energy Levels and Electron Capacity
- K-shell: 2 electrons
- L-shell: 8 electrons
- M-shell: 18 electrons
- N-shell: 32 electrons
Atomic Number and Valency
- The atomic number, represented by 'Z', indicates the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
- All atoms of the same element have the same atomic number but can have different mass numbers due to varying numbers of neutrons.
- The valency of an element is determined by the number of electrons it gains, loses, or shares to achieve a stable electron configuration (usually 8 electrons in its outermost shell).
Mass Number
- The mass number of an atom is the sum of its number of protons and neutrons.
Atomic Numbers of Elements
- Helium (He): 2
- Carbon (C): 6
- Silicon (Si): 14
Isotopes
- Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons (same atomic number) but different mass numbers due to variations in their number of neutrons.
- An atom with 8 electrons and 8 protons will have a neutral charge.
- Carbon has an atomic number of 6.
- Isotopes of a particular element have different atomic numbers.
Isotopes of Hydrogen
-
Hydrogen (H) has three naturally occurring isotopes:
- Protium: (1 proton, 0 neutrons)
- Deuterium: (1 proton, 1 neutron)
- Tritium: (1 proton, 2 neutrons)
Atom's Mass Number
- The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom is referred to as its mass number.
Isotopes and Mass Numbers
- Protium: 1
- Deuterium: 2
- Tritium: 3
Nucleons
- A nucleon is a collective term for protons and neutrons found within the nucleus of an atom.
Chlorine Isotopes
- Chlorine has isotopes that have the same mass number.
Deuterium Mass Number
- The mass number of deuterium is 2.
Atomic Mass
- A fractional atomic mass of 35.5 u for chlorine signifies the average of the mass numbers of its naturally occurring isotopes, weighted by their abundance.
Rutherford's Model
- Rutherford's model of the atom explained the positive charge of the nucleus but failed to explain the stability of the atom, as electrons orbiting the nucleus should lose energy and spiral into the nucleus.
Neutrons
- James Chadwick discovered the existence of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Electrons
- Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles.
Scientific Contributions
- J.J. Thomson: Discovered the electron and proposed the "plum pudding model" of the atom.
- Ernest Rutherford: Proposed the nuclear model of the atom based on his gold foil experiment.
- Niels Bohr: Proposed a model of the atom with quantized electron orbits.
- James Chadwick: Discovered the neutron.
Bohr's Model of the Atom
- In Niels Bohr's model of the atom, electrons are confined to specific energy levels or orbits and can only jump between these levels by absorbing or emitting energy.
Proton Charge
- Protons, with a positive charge, are located in the nucleus of an atom.
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Description
Test your knowledge on atomic structure and the fundamental particles within an atom. This quiz covers key discoveries and the arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Challenge yourself with questions about historical experiments and atomic theory.
