Atomic Structure Quiz

Atomic Structure

Subatomic Particles

• Protons: positively charged, found in the nucleus, determine the element of an atom
• Neutrons: no charge, found in the nucleus, contribute to the atomic mass
• Electrons: negatively charged, found in energy levels around the nucleus, participate in chemical bonding

Atomic Nucleus

• Consists of protons and neutrons
• Located at the center of the atom
• Has a positive charge due to protons

Electron Configuration

• Energy Levels: also known as electron shells, can hold a specific number of electrons
• Electron Spin: electrons can spin in two directions, resulting in paired or unpaired electrons
• Aufbau Principle: electrons occupy the lowest available energy level
• Pauli's Exclusion Principle: no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers

Electron Orbitals

• S Orbitals: spherical shape, can hold up to 2 electrons
• P Orbitals: dumbbell shape, can hold up to 6 electrons
• D Orbitals: four-leaf clover shape, can hold up to 10 electrons
• F Orbitals: complex shape, can hold up to 14 electrons

Atomic Radius and Ionization Energy

• Atomic Radius: distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron
• Ionization Energy: energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Isotopes and Ions

• Isotopes: atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
• Ions: atoms with a net positive or negative charge due to a gain or loss of electrons

Atomic Structure

Subatomic Particles

• Protons have a positive charge and are found in the nucleus, determining the element of an atom.
• Neutrons have no charge, are found in the nucleus, and contribute to the atomic mass.
• Electrons are negatively charged, found in energy levels around the nucleus, and participate in chemical bonding.

Atomic Nucleus

• The atomic nucleus consists of protons and neutrons.
• It is located at the center of the atom.
• The atomic nucleus has a positive charge due to protons.

Electron Configuration

• Energy levels (electron shells) can hold a specific number of electrons.
• Electrons can spin in two directions, resulting in paired or unpaired electrons.
• The Aufbau Principle states that electrons occupy the lowest available energy level.
• Pauli's Exclusion Principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers.

Electron Orbitals

• S Orbitals are spherical in shape and can hold up to 2 electrons.
• P Orbitals are dumbbell-shaped and can hold up to 6 electrons.
• D Orbitals have a four-leaf clover shape and can hold up to 10 electrons.
• F Orbitals have a complex shape and can hold up to 14 electrons.

Atomic Radius and Ionization Energy

• Atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron.
• Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Isotopes and Ions

• Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
• Ions are atoms with a net positive or negative charge due to a gain or loss of electrons.