Atomic Structure of Carbon

Atomic Structure of Carbon

Atomic Number and Mass

• Atomic number: 6
• Atomic mass: 12.01 u (unified atomic mass units)

Electron Configuration

• Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p²
• Number of electrons in the outermost energy level: 4

Atomic Radius

• Atomic radius: 77 pm (picometers)
• Covalent radius: 77 pm
• Van der Waals radius: 170 pm

Valence Electrons

• Number of valence electrons: 4
• Ability to form bonds: 4 covalent bonds

Isotopes

• Three naturally occurring isotopes:
  1. Carbon-12 (98.93%)
  2. Carbon-13 (1.07%)
  3. Carbon-14 (trace amounts)
• Radioactive isotope: Carbon-14

Atomic Structure of Carbon

Atomic Properties

• Atomic number of carbon is 6, which means it has 6 protons in its atomic nucleus.
• Atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 u, which is a weighted average of the masses of its naturally occurring isotopes.

Electron Arrangement

• The electron configuration of carbon is 1s² 2s² 2p², which means it has two electrons in the first energy level, two electrons in the second energy level, and two electrons in the second subenergy level.
• Carbon has four electrons in its outermost energy level, which determines its chemical properties.

Size and Shape

• The atomic radius of carbon is 77 pm, which is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron.
• The covalent radius of carbon is also 77 pm, which is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron in a covalent bond.
• The van der Waals radius of carbon is 170 pm, which is the distance between the nuclei of two carbon atoms that are not bonded to each other.

Bonding Properties

• Carbon has four valence electrons, which means it can form four covalent bonds with other atoms.
• Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds allows it to form a wide variety of compounds.

Isotopes of Carbon

• Carbon has three naturally occurring isotopes: Carbon-12 (98.93%), Carbon-13 (1.07%), and Carbon-14 (trace amounts).
• Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon, which means it decays over time and is not stable.

Ni(CO)3(NH3)2(NO2)2+ Complex

IUPAC Nomenclature

• The IUPAC name for the Ni(CO)3(NH3)2(NO2)2+ complex is Tri-carbonyl-bis-ammine-dinitrito-nickel(II) ion.
• The "Tri-carbonyl" prefix indicates the presence of three CO ligands.
• The "Bis-ammine" prefix indicates the presence of two NH3 ligands.
• The "Dinitrito" prefix indicates the presence of two NO2 ligands.
• The "Nickel(II) ion" part of the name indicates that the central metal ion has a +2 charge.