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Questions and Answers
What is the atomic number of carbon?
What is the atomic number of carbon?
What is the electron configuration of carbon?
What is the electron configuration of carbon?
How many electrons are in the outermost energy level of a carbon atom?
How many electrons are in the outermost energy level of a carbon atom?
What is the number of valence electrons in a carbon atom?
What is the number of valence electrons in a carbon atom?
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What is the percentage of the naturally occurring isotope Carbon-12?
What is the percentage of the naturally occurring isotope Carbon-12?
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What does the prefix 'tri-' indicate in the IUPAC name of the Ni(CO)3(NH3)2(NO2)2+ complex?
What does the prefix 'tri-' indicate in the IUPAC name of the Ni(CO)3(NH3)2(NO2)2+ complex?
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What does the prefix 'bis-' indicate in the IUPAC name of the Ni(CO)3(NH3)2(NO2)2+ complex?
What does the prefix 'bis-' indicate in the IUPAC name of the Ni(CO)3(NH3)2(NO2)2+ complex?
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What does the term 'dinitrito' indicate in the IUPAC name of the Ni(CO)3(NH3)2(NO2)2+ complex?
What does the term 'dinitrito' indicate in the IUPAC name of the Ni(CO)3(NH3)2(NO2)2+ complex?
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What is the oxidation state of the nickel ion in the Ni(CO)3(NH3)2(NO2)2+ complex?
What is the oxidation state of the nickel ion in the Ni(CO)3(NH3)2(NO2)2+ complex?
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What is the correct IUPAC name for the Ni(CO)3(NH3)2(NO2)2+ complex?
What is the correct IUPAC name for the Ni(CO)3(NH3)2(NO2)2+ complex?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure of Carbon
Atomic Number and Mass
- Atomic number: 6
- Atomic mass: 12.01 u (unified atomic mass units)
Electron Configuration
- Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p²
- Number of electrons in the outermost energy level: 4
Atomic Radius
- Atomic radius: 77 pm (picometers)
- Covalent radius: 77 pm
- Van der Waals radius: 170 pm
Valence Electrons
- Number of valence electrons: 4
- Ability to form bonds: 4 covalent bonds
Isotopes
- Three naturally occurring isotopes:
- Carbon-12 (98.93%)
- Carbon-13 (1.07%)
- Carbon-14 (trace amounts)
- Radioactive isotope: Carbon-14
Atomic Structure of Carbon
Atomic Properties
- Atomic number of carbon is 6, which means it has 6 protons in its atomic nucleus.
- Atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 u, which is a weighted average of the masses of its naturally occurring isotopes.
Electron Arrangement
- The electron configuration of carbon is 1s² 2s² 2p², which means it has two electrons in the first energy level, two electrons in the second energy level, and two electrons in the second subenergy level.
- Carbon has four electrons in its outermost energy level, which determines its chemical properties.
Size and Shape
- The atomic radius of carbon is 77 pm, which is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron.
- The covalent radius of carbon is also 77 pm, which is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron in a covalent bond.
- The van der Waals radius of carbon is 170 pm, which is the distance between the nuclei of two carbon atoms that are not bonded to each other.
Bonding Properties
- Carbon has four valence electrons, which means it can form four covalent bonds with other atoms.
- Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds allows it to form a wide variety of compounds.
Isotopes of Carbon
- Carbon has three naturally occurring isotopes: Carbon-12 (98.93%), Carbon-13 (1.07%), and Carbon-14 (trace amounts).
- Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon, which means it decays over time and is not stable.
Ni(CO)3(NH3)2(NO2)2+ Complex
IUPAC Nomenclature
- The IUPAC name for the Ni(CO)3(NH3)2(NO2)2+ complex is Tri-carbonyl-bis-ammine-dinitrito-nickel(II) ion.
- The "Tri-carbonyl" prefix indicates the presence of three CO ligands.
- The "Bis-ammine" prefix indicates the presence of two NH3 ligands.
- The "Dinitrito" prefix indicates the presence of two NO2 ligands.
- The "Nickel(II) ion" part of the name indicates that the central metal ion has a +2 charge.
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Description
Learn about the atomic structure of carbon, including its atomic number, mass, electron configuration, atomic radius, valence electrons, and isotopes.
