Atomic Structure and Elements Quiz

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Questions and Answers

The four elements common to all living organisms are ______, ______, ______, and ______.

What is the smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties of an element?

Atom

Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements common to all living organisms?

  • Calcium (correct)
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen

What are the subatomic particles located in the nucleus of an atom?

<p>Protons and neutrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All atoms, regardless of the element, contain protons, neutrons, and electrons.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines an element's atomic number?

<p>The number of protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe different atoms of the same element that vary only in their number of neutrons?

<p>Isotopes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main regions of an atom?

<p>The nucleus and the electron cloud/orbitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electrons contribute significantly to the mass of an atom.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus affect how atoms interact with each other?

<p>The arrangement of electrons determines an atom's reactivity and how it forms bonds with other atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The vast majority of an atom's volume is occupied by its nucleus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do solid objects not pass through each other, despite the empty space within atoms?

<p>Due to the repulsive forces between the negatively charged electrons of the two objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the positively charged subatomic particle?

<p>Proton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an atom's atomic number and atomic mass number?

<p>The atomic number is the number of protons, while the atomic mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atoms of the same element can have different atomic masses.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an isotope?

<p>Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an isotope?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do radioactive isotopes differ from other isotopes?

<p>Radioactive isotopes have an unstable nucleus that decays over time, releasing radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Matter

Any substance that has mass and occupies space.

Elements

Unique forms of matter that cannot be broken down further.

Atom

The smallest unit of an element that retains all of its chemical properties.

Nucleus

The center of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

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Protons

Positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus.

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Neutrons

Neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus.

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Electrons

Negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus.

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Atomic Number

The number of protons within an atom's nucleus.

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Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that vary only in the number of neutrons.

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Atomic Mass Number

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

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Macromolecule

A large molecule typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules.

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Molecule

A chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond.

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Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

A unit of mass approximately equal to the mass of a proton or neutron.

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Study Notes

Atomic Structure and Elements

  • Atoms are the fundamental units of matter, retaining an element's properties.
  • Elements are unique forms of matter, not breakable into simpler substances chemically.
  • 98 naturally occurring elements exist; others are laboratory-synthesized.
  • Each element is symbolized by a one- or two-letter abbreviation (e.g., C for carbon, Na for sodium).
  • Essential elements in living organisms (humans): oxygen (O), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N).
  • Calcium (Ca) is an important element for humans obtained through diet.
  • Trace elements (e.g., iodine) are crucial in small quantities for specific bodily functions.
  • Atomic number: determined by the number of protons in an atom, distinguishing one element from another.
  • Atomic mass number: sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
  • Isotopes: atoms of the same element with varying numbers of neutrons.

Subatomic Particles

  • Atoms have a nucleus (center) containing protons and neutrons and electrons orbiting around the nucleus.
  • Protons carry a positive charge; neutrons are uncharged.
  • Electrons carry a negative charge equal to the positive charge of a proton.
  • Protons and neutrons have similar mass (about 1 amu); electrons have considerably less mass.
  • Most atoms' volume is empty space.
  • Repulsion between negatively charged electron clouds of atoms prevents them from penetrating each other.

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