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Questions and Answers
The atomic weight of all elements is a multiple of the atomic weight of hydrogen.
The atomic weight of all elements is a multiple of the atomic weight of hydrogen.
False (B)
Willem Prout was an Irish chemist.
Willem Prout was an Irish chemist.
False (B)
Joseph J Thomson discovered electrons.
Joseph J Thomson discovered electrons.
False (B)
The cathode ray tube produces rays made of atoms.
The cathode ray tube produces rays made of atoms.
The plum pudding model of the atom was devised by Willem Prout.
The plum pudding model of the atom was devised by Willem Prout.
Electrons have a positive charge.
Electrons have a positive charge.
The term 'relative atomic mass' is used to compare the elements.
The term 'relative atomic mass' is used to compare the elements.
Atoms are negatively charged.
Atoms are negatively charged.
George Stoney was an English physicist.
George Stoney was an English physicist.
The electrons produced by different materials for the cathode are different.
The electrons produced by different materials for the cathode are different.
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Study Notes
Early Studies on Atoms
- Scientists used 'atomic weight' to compare elements, now known as 'relative atomic mass' (RAM)
- Willem Prout studied atomic weights, thinking they could explain atom structure
- Prout's idea: all elements made up of different numbers of hydrogen atoms, later proven wrong
Development of Electricity and Atom Structure
- 19th century: significant developments in electricity and equipment for investigations
- Cathode ray tube: produces rays when connected to an electrical circuit
- Rays made of tiny particles, over a thousand times smaller than a hydrogen atom
Discovery of Electrons
- Thomson investigated cathode rays, discovering tiny particles (corpuscles)
- George Stoney named these particles 'electrons'
- Electrons produced from different materials were identical
Thomson's Plum Pudding Model (1904)
- Electrons present in the atom, negatively charged
- Atoms neutral, so positively charged substance balances electrons
- Atom structure: electrons surrounded by positively charged 'pudding'
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