Atomic Structure and Theory Flashcards

Study Notes

Atomic Structure and Theory

Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, key in determining the atom's identity.
Neutrons are neutral particles, also located in the nucleus, contributing to the atom's mass but not its charge.
Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus, essential in chemical bonding and reactions.
Atomic number defines the number of protons in an atom, which identifies the specific element.
Atomic mass number is the total count of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, reflecting the atom's mass.
The electron cloud is a visual model depicting regions where electrons are likely to be found surrounding the nucleus.
Isotopes are variants of an element with the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons, leading to varying mass numbers.
Energy levels refer to the specific energies that electrons can possess within an atom, influencing their orbits.
Orbitals are regions of three-dimensional space around the nucleus where the probability of finding an electron is high.
Electron configuration details the specific arrangement of electrons in the atom's orbitals, impacting chemical properties.
Dalton proposed that matter is composed of indivisible atoms, forming a foundational view of atomic theory.
JJ Thomson conducted experiments leading to the discovery of smaller particles within the atom, introducing the Plum Pudding Model to represent atomic structure.
Rutherford determined that an atom's positive charge resides in a dense nucleus, rather than being spread throughout.
Bohr developed a model illustrating the arrangement of electrons in specific energy levels around the nucleus.
Valence electrons are found in the outermost energy level of an atom, playing a crucial role in chemical bonding and reactivity.

Description

Explore key concepts of atomic structure with these flashcards. Learn about protons, neutrons, electrons, and atomic numbers, which are essential for understanding the foundation of chemistry and physics. Perfect for students seeking to grasp the basics of an atom.