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Questions and Answers
Which of these options are correct? (Select all that apply). The atom (^{14}_{6}C) has:
Which of these options are correct? (Select all that apply). The atom (^{14}_{6}C) has:
- 6 electrons (correct)
- 6 protons (correct)
- 14 electrons
- 8 neutrons (correct)
What is the net spin on an alpha particle?
What is the net spin on an alpha particle?
- 0 (correct)
- 1
- 2
- -1
What is the symbol for a beta+ particle?
What is the symbol for a beta+ particle?
- -
- He2+
- e+ (correct)
Which of the following is true about alpha particles?
Which of the following is true about alpha particles?
Which of the following elements can emit alpha particles?
Which of the following elements can emit alpha particles?
What is the atomic mass number of an atom with 17 protons and 18 neutrons?
What is the atomic mass number of an atom with 17 protons and 18 neutrons?
What is the charge of a chloride ion?
What is the charge of a chloride ion?
What is the process called when an atom emits a beta particle?
What is the process called when an atom emits a beta particle?
Which of the following statements is true about beta decay?
Which of the following statements is true about beta decay?
What is the atomic number of an atom with 18 electrons and 18 neutrons?
What is the atomic number of an atom with 18 electrons and 18 neutrons?
What primarily determines the identity of an element?
What primarily determines the identity of an element?
What is the charge of a neutron?
What is the charge of a neutron?
Which particle was discovered first in relation to the nucleus?
Which particle was discovered first in relation to the nucleus?
What is typically true about the mass of electrons compared to protons?
What is typically true about the mass of electrons compared to protons?
How does the Bohr model describe electrons?
How does the Bohr model describe electrons?
What do regions of darker density in an electron cloud represent?
What do regions of darker density in an electron cloud represent?
What is the atomic number of carbon?
What is the atomic number of carbon?
Which subatomic particle carries a negative charge?
Which subatomic particle carries a negative charge?
What determines the stability of an isotope?
What determines the stability of an isotope?
What happens to an atom when the number of protons and electrons are unequal?
What happens to an atom when the number of protons and electrons are unequal?
What is Dalton's Atomic Theory primarily associated with?
What is Dalton's Atomic Theory primarily associated with?
Which statement correctly defines isotopes?
Which statement correctly defines isotopes?
What determines the ionization energy of an atom?
What determines the ionization energy of an atom?
What role does Avogadro's Constant play in chemistry?
What role does Avogadro's Constant play in chemistry?
Which of the following describes the simple view of atomic structure?
Which of the following describes the simple view of atomic structure?
What characterizes the atomic mass of an element?
What characterizes the atomic mass of an element?
What is the significance of the nuclide's atomic number and mass number?
What is the significance of the nuclide's atomic number and mass number?
How are the sizes of ions typically compared to their neutral atoms?
How are the sizes of ions typically compared to their neutral atoms?
What is a fundamental property of atoms defined in atomic structure?
What is a fundamental property of atoms defined in atomic structure?
Which statement is true regarding ionization energies of diatomic molecules?
Which statement is true regarding ionization energies of diatomic molecules?
Flashcards
Atomic Mass Number
Atomic Mass Number
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
Proton Number
Proton Number
The number of protons in an atom, defining the element.
Alpha Particles
Alpha Particles
Helium nuclei consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, emitted during alpha decay.
Alpha Decay
Alpha Decay
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Beta Particles
Beta Particles
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Beta Decay
Beta Decay
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Electron Emission
Electron Emission
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Positron Emission
Positron Emission
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Chloride Ion
Chloride Ion
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Cobalt Atom
Cobalt Atom
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Atomic Mass
Atomic Mass
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Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure
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Atomic Theory
Atomic Theory
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Dalton's Atomic Theory
Dalton's Atomic Theory
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Ionization Energies
Ionization Energies
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Isotopes
Isotopes
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Nuclide
Nuclide
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Sizes of Ions
Sizes of Ions
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The Atom
The Atom
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Avogadro's Constant
Avogadro's Constant
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Subatomic Particles
Subatomic Particles
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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Proton
Proton
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Electron
Electron
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Neutron
Neutron
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Atomic Number
Atomic Number
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Ion
Ion
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Bohr Model
Bohr Model
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Electron Cloud
Electron Cloud
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure and Subatomic Particles
- Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Most of an atom's mass is in the nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons (nucleons).
- Protons have a positive charge, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negatively charged.
- Electrons are located in electron clouds surrounding the nucleus.
Discovery of Subatomic Particles
- Protons were discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1919 through the gold foil experiment.
- Electrons were discovered by J.J. Thomson in 1897 via cathode ray experiments.
- Robert Millikan determined the elementary charge of an electron.
- Neutrons were discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.
Atomic Number and Mass Number
- Atomic number (Z) = number of protons in an atom.
- Atomic number determines the element.
- Atomic mass number (A) = total number of protons and neutrons.
Isotopes
- Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons are isotopes.
- Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass numbers.
- The number of neutrons affects an element's stability.
Ions
- Ions are formed when an atom gains or loses electrons.
- Cations are positively charged ions (loss of electrons).
- Anions are negatively charged ions (gain of electrons).
Alpha Particles
- Alpha particles (α) are helium nuclei (2 protons and 2 neutrons).
- They have a net spin of zero.
- Alpha decay is the emission of an alpha particle from an unstable, large atom.
- Alpha particles are relatively large and less penetrating than other types of radiation.
Beta Particles
- Beta particles (β) are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons.
- Beta decay involves the emission of either electrons or positrons.
- Electron emission occurs when a neutron changes to a proton, and a beta particle is emitted.
- Positron emission occurs when a proton changes to a neutron, along with a beta-positron being emitted.
- Beta particles are more penetrating than alpha particles.
Representing Atomic Composition
- An atom's composition can be represented using its atomic symbol, atomic number, and mass number: e.g., ¹²₆C, where 12 is A, 6 is Z and C is Carbon.
Common Atomic Symbols and Their Composition (Example)
- ¹⁴₆C : 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons.
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