Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the overall charge of an ion that has 8 protons and 10 electrons?
What is the overall charge of an ion that has 8 protons and 10 electrons?
- 2+
- 1- (correct)
- 0
- 2-
Which of the following combinations correctly represents a neutral atom of carbon?
Which of the following combinations correctly represents a neutral atom of carbon?
- 6 protons, 4 neutrons, 6 electrons
- 12 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons
- 6 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons (correct)
- 6 protons, 8 neutrons, 6 electrons
Which force primarily holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom?
Which force primarily holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom?
- Weak nuclear force
- Strong nuclear force (correct)
- Electromagnetic force
- Gravitational force
If an atom has a mass number of 20 and contains 10 neutrons, how many protons does it have?
If an atom has a mass number of 20 and contains 10 neutrons, how many protons does it have?
How many grams does 3 moles of carbon weigh, assuming the atomic mass of carbon is 12 g/mol?
How many grams does 3 moles of carbon weigh, assuming the atomic mass of carbon is 12 g/mol?
Flashcards
Subatomic Particles
Subatomic Particles
Particles that make up an atom: protons, neutrons, electrons.
Mass Number
Mass Number
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
Atomic Number
Atomic Number
The number of protons in an atom, determining the element's identity.
Nuclear Symbols
Nuclear Symbols
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Mole Conversion
Mole Conversion
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Study Notes
Subatomic Particle Properties
- Subatomic particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Protons have a positive charge (+1).
- Neutrons have no charge (neutral).
- Electrons have a negative charge (-1).
- Protons and neutrons reside in the atom's nucleus.
- Electrons orbit the nucleus in electron shells or energy levels.
Atomic Structure Information
- Atomic number (Z) represents the number of protons in an atom.
- Mass number (A) is the sum of protons and neutrons.
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different neutron counts, therefore different mass numbers.
- Ions are atoms with a net positive or negative charge due to a difference in the number of protons and electrons.
- An element's overall charge is determined by the net difference between the number of protons and electrons.
Nuclear Symbols
- Nuclear symbols represent an element, isotope, or ion using its symbol, mass number, and atomic number.
- Example: $^{14}_{6}$C represents carbon-14, with 6 protons and 8 neutrons.
- Example of an ion: $^{23}_{11}$Na⁺ represents a sodium ion with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and a +1 charge.
Forces Within Atoms
- Strong nuclear force: binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus, overcoming electrostatic repulsion between protons.
- Electrostatic force: attracts electrons to the positively charged nucleus, and repels protons from each other.
Mass and Atomic Mass
- The combined mass of an atom's subatomic particles equals the atom's overall mass.
- The mass of an electron is extremely small compared to protons and neutrons, so the nucleus has nearly the entire mass of the atom.
Isotopic Abundance and Average Atomic Mass
- Average atomic mass is calculated using the weighted average of the masses of all isotopes of an element, taking into account their relative abundance.
Conversions Between Atoms, Moles, and Mass
- Avogadro's number (6.022 x 1023) relates the number of atoms to moles.
- Using molar mass (mass of one mole of a substance) allows the conversion between moles and grams.
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