Atomic Structure and Periodic Table Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following elements has the chemical symbol 'O'?

  • Oxygen (correct)
  • Osmium
  • Gold
  • Silver

Helium is represented by the chemical symbol 'H'.

False (B)

What is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided without losing its properties?

Atom

The element with the chemical symbol 'Na' is called _____

<p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements with their chemical symbols:

<p>Beryllium = Be Carbon = C Nitrogen = N Argon = Ar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle has a relative mass of approximately zero?

<p>Electron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The atomic number is equal to the number of neutrons in an atom.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with organizing the periodic table?

<p>Dimitri Mendeleev</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a period of the periodic table, elements have the same number of ______.

<p>electron shells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following subatomic particles with their characteristics:

<p>Proton = +1 charge Electron = Located in the electron cloud Neutron = No charge All of the above = Subatomic particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for radiation?

<p>Seivert (Sv) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The RAM of an element is compared to the mass of helium-4.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the RAM of chlorine given that Chlorine-35 is 75% and Chlorine-37 is 25% abundant.

<p>35.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

The average mass of a molecule compared to carbon-12 is known as the ________.

<p>RMM</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

<p>RAM = Average mass compared to carbon-12 RMM = Average mass of a molecule Seivert = Unit for radiation Mass Spectrometer = Instrument for detecting ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonding occurs between nonmetals or a metalloid and a nonmetal?

<p>Covalent bonding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metallic bonding involves a sea of mobile electrons surrounding positively charged atoms.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of ionic bonding?

<p>Transfer of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metallic bonding typically occurs only in __________.

<p>metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Metallic bonding = Occurs in metals, characterized by mobile electrons Covalent bonding = Involves sharing electrons between nonmetals Ionic bonding = Involves the transfer of electrons between atoms Semi-Metal = Elements with properties of both metals and nonmetals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Johann Dobereiner formulate?

<p>Law of triads (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Isotopes have the same mass number but different atomic numbers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one radioactive isotope used to destroy cancer cells.

<p>Cobalt-60</p> Signup and view all the answers

The radioactive isotope used to generate electricity is _____

<p>Uranium-235</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the isotopes of hydrogen with their names:

<p>₁₁H = Protium ₁₂H = Deuterium ₁₃H = Tritium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonding occurs between metals and nonmetals?

<p>Ionic Bonding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when metals lose valence shell electrons?

<p>Cations</p> Signup and view all the answers

A __________ is a group of atoms bonded together covalently that can exist as separate units.

<p>molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Proton

A subatomic particle with a positive charge located in the nucleus of an atom.

Electron

A subatomic particle with a nearly zero mass and a negative charge, orbiting the nucleus.

Neutron

A neutrally charged subatomic particle located in the atom's nucleus, with a mass similar to a proton.

Atomic Number (Z)

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus; unique to each element.

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Atomic Mass Number (A)

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

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Atom definition

The smallest part of an element that keeps its properties.

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Element definition

A substance that can't be broken down further by regular methods.

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Hydrogen Symbol

H

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Helium Symbol

He

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Sodium Symbol

Na

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Mass Spectrometer

A device used to detect and measure the mass of ions. It separates ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio.

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RAM (Atomic Mass)

The average mass of an element's atom compared to carbon-12. Carbon-12 is assigned a mass of 12.00 units.

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RMM (Molecular Mass)

The average mass of a molecule compared to carbon-12. Carbon-12 is assigned a mass of 12.00 units.

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Calculating RAM

To calculate RAM, multiply the percentage abundance of each isotope by its mass and sum those values.

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Sievert (Sv)

The unit used to measure the biological effect of radiation.

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Metallic Bonding

A type of chemical bonding that occurs in metals, where atoms are held together by a 'sea' of freely moving electrons.

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Ionic Bonding

A type of chemical bonding that occurs between a metal and a nonmetal because of electrostatic attraction.

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Covalent Bonding

A type of chemical bonding that occurs between nonmetals, where atoms share electrons to achieve stability.

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Chemical Bonding

The attractive force that holds atoms together in a molecule, crystal, or other substance.

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Types of Chemical Bonding

Different ways atoms connect: metallic, ionic, covalent.

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Compound

A substance composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio.

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What is a molecule?

A group of atoms bonded together covalently, existing as a distinct unit.

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Cation

A positively charged ion formed by the loss of electrons.

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Law of Triads

A scientific law stating that certain groups of three elements exhibit similar chemical properties and have atomic masses that follow a pattern, where the middle element's atomic mass is roughly the average of the other two.

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Isotope

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses.

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Radioactive Isotope

An isotope of an element whose nucleus is unstable and undergoes radioactive decay, emitting radiation.

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Types of Radiation

There are three main types of radiation emitted during radioactive decay: alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.

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Carbon-14 Dating

A method used to determine the age of ancient objects by measuring the amount of the radioactive isotope carbon-14 remaining in them.

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Study Notes

Atomic Structure

  • Atoms - The smallest particle into which an element can be divided without losing any of the properties of that element
  • Element - A pure substance that cannot be divided into any simpler substances by any chemical process

Subatomic Particles

  • Proton - Relative Mass = 1, Relative Charge = +1, Location = Nucleus
  • Electron - Relative Mass = 1/1840, Relative Charge = -1, Location = Orbitals around the nucleus
  • Neutron - Relative Mass = 1, Relative Charge = 0, Location = Nucleus
  • Electron # = Atomic #
  • Neutron # = A - Z

Groups and Periods

  • Group - A vertical column that contains elements with the same number of electrons in the valence or outermost shell
  • Period - A horizontal row that contains elements with the same number of electron shells

Mendeleev's Periodic Table

  • Organized the table
  • Identified patterns
  • Predicted properties
  • Classified similar elements
  • Withstood the test of time
  • Listed elements in order of increasing atomic mass

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Description

Test your knowledge on atomic structure, subatomic particles, and the organization of the periodic table as established by Mendeleev. This quiz covers essential concepts such as protons, electrons, neutrons, groups, and periods. Perfect for students studying chemistry and the fundamentals of elements.

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