Atomic Structure and Periodic Table Concepts
24 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the smallest part of an element that can exist?

  • Compound
  • Mixture
  • Molecule
  • Atom (correct)

Mixtures are formed through chemical reactions between elements.

False (B)

Name three physical processes that can separate mixtures.

filtration, crystallisation, distillation

Compounds contain two or more elements chemically combined in ______ proportions.

<p>fixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Atom = Smallest part of an element Compound = Elements chemically combined Mixture = Elements or compounds not chemically combined Chemical reaction = Formation of new substances, energy change</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents a compound?

<p>HCl (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chemical reactions can separate compounds into elements.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of process is chromatography used for?

<p>separating mixtures</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

<p>0 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An atom contains more mass in its nucleus than the rest of the atom.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass number?

<p>The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The relative atomic mass is an average value that considers the abundance of the __________ of the element.

<p>isotopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following particles with their relative mass:

<p>Proton = 1 Neutron = 1 Electron = Very small</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are there in a neutral atom of an element if it has 6 protons?

<p>6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carbon-14 and Carbon-12 have the same number of protons.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate radius of an atom in nanometers?

<p>0.1 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model of the atom describes it as a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it?

<p>Plum pudding model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The early concept of atoms was that they could be divided into smaller particles.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances?

<p>Neil Bohr</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ particle scattering experiment showed that the mass of an atom is concentrated at its nucleus.

<p>alpha</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the subatomic particles with their charges:

<p>Proton = Positive charge Electron = Negative charge Neutron = No charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

What experimentally proven particle was discovered by James Chadwick?

<p>Neutron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All atoms of a particular element have the same number of neutrons.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of an element?

<p>The number of protons in an atom of that element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is an atom?

The smallest part of an element that can exist. They make up all substances.

What is an element?

A pure substance made up of only one type of atom.

What is a compound?

A substance formed when two or more elements are chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

What is a chemical symbol?

A representation of an atom of an element using a single letter or two letters.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a mixture?

A mixture contains two or more substances that are not chemically bonded together. The substances in a mixture retain their individual properties.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is filtration?

The process of separating a mixture by passing it through a filter. This is a physical process.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is crystallisation?

The process of separating a mixture by heating a solution until the solvent evaporates, leaving the solute behind. This is a physical process.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is distillation?

The process of separating a mixture by heating the mixture and collecting the vapor which condenses back into a liquid. This is a physical process.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proton

The positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It has a relative charge of +1 and a relative mass of 1.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neutron

The neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It has a relative charge of 0 and a relative mass of 1.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electron

The negatively charged particle found orbiting the nucleus of an atom. It has a relative charge of -1 and a very small relative mass.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mass Number

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Relative Atomic Mass

A weighted average of the masses of all the isotopes of an element, taking into account their relative abundance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Overall Charge of an Atom

The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Early Atomic Model

First model of the atom, where it was thought to be a tiny, indivisible sphere.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Plum Pudding Model

Model of the atom where negatively charged electrons are embedded in a sphere of positive charge, much like plums in pudding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alpha Particle Scattering Experiment

Experiment that used alpha particles to bombard a thin gold foil. The results revealed the nucleus's presence and that the atom's mass was concentrated at the center.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nucleus

The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons, responsible for most of the atom's mass.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bohr Model

Proposed by Niels Bohr, this model suggests electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances, supported by experimental data.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

  • Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all matter.
  • Atoms are the smallest part of an element that can exist.
  • Chemical symbols represent atoms (e.g., Na for sodium).
  • Elements form compounds through chemical reactions.
  • Chemical reactions involve a change in energy.
  • Compounds consist of two or more elements combined in fixed ratios.
  • Compounds are represented by formulae (e.g., HCl for hydrogen chloride).
  • Mixtures comprise two or more elements or compounds not chemically bonded.
  • Mixture components retain their properties.
  • Mixtures can be separated using physical processes (e.g., filtration, distillation).

Development of the Atomic Model

  • Early models viewed atoms as indivisible spheres.
  • The discovery of the electron led to the plum pudding model.
  • The plum pudding model depicted the atom as a sphere of positive charge with embedded negative electrons.
  • The alpha particle scattering experiment revealed the nucleus.
  • The nucleus is a dense, positively charged core at the center of the atom.
  • Most of the atom's mass is concentrated in the nucleus.
  • Electrons orbit the nucleus at specific energy levels (Bohr model).

Subatomic Particles

  • Protons have a positive charge (+1).
  • Neutrons have no charge (0).
  • Electrons have a negative charge (-1).
  • An atom is electrically neutral (protons = electrons).
  • Atomic number is the number of protons.
  • Mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons.
  • Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different neutron numbers.

Relative Atomic Mass

  • Relative atomic mass is the average mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
  • It takes into account the abundance of isotopes.
  • Calculate relative atomic mass using the formula: ((isotope 1 mass x abundance) + (isotope 2 mass x abundance)) ÷ 100

Electronic Structure

  • Electrons fill the lowest energy levels first (closest to the nucleus).
  • Electronic structure describes the arrangement of electrons in different energy levels (shells).
  • For example, sodium's electronic structure is 2, 8, 1.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

AQA GCSE Chemistry PDF - Atomic Structure & Periodic Table

Description

Test your knowledge on atomic structure and the periodic table. This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of atoms, elements, compounds, and mixtures, along with the historical development of atomic models. Assess your understanding of chemical symbols, reactions, and separation techniques.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser