Atomic Structure and Hypotheses Quiz

<p>Nonliving components like sunlight and soil nutrients. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The full range of environmental resources a species could potentially use. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resource competition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Landscape Ecology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximizing their intrinsic rate of increase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific area a species occupies limited by interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both species derive benefits from each other (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Batesian mimicry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Random dispersion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having one large reproductive event followed by death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poisonous or venomous nature to predators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eating parts of a plant or alga by an herbivore (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The copying of DNA into RNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A codon specifies an amino acid, while an anticodon is complementary to it in tRNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assembly of new viral particles followed by cell lysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral genome integration into host chromosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The contribution to the next generation's gene pool relative to others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lytic cycle involves immediate production of new viruses, whereas the lysogenic cycle does not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy flow and chemical cycling in organisms and their environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a disproportionately large impact on community structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishment of life in previously barren environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competitive inhibition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participating in light reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, while noncompetitive bind elsewhere. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Violet-blue and red light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red light (B), Violet-blue light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They solely trap excessive light to protect chlorophyll (A), They reflect violet and blue-green light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C4 plants minimize photorespiration using spatial separation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactose binds to the repressor, allowing transcription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromatid number doubles while chromosome number stays the same (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactose-binding site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light-dependent reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photorespiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a spontaneous catabolic process with a negative delta G. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyruvate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyruvate is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thylakoid membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To pump protons across the membrane and generate a proton gradient. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It regenerates NAD+, allowing glycolysis to continue. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blue-violet and red regions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of copying DNA.

The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.

The process of synthesizing a polypeptide from an mRNA template.

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies an amino acid.

A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a codon.

Viral replication resulting in host cell destruction.

Viral replication where the viral genome integrates into host DNA.

An organism's reproductive success relative to others.

A catabolic process breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

An anabolic process using light energy to convert CO2 and water into glucose and oxygen.

First stage of cellular respiration; converts glucose to pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.

Second stage of cellular respiration; completely oxidizes pyruvate to CO2, generating energy carriers.

A series of proteins using energy from electron carriers (NADH, FADH2) to pump protons, powering ATP synthesis.

A process occurring without oxygen where pyruvate is converted to ethanol or lactate, regenerating NAD+.

Photosynthesis stage capturing light energy to produce ATP and NADPH.

Photosynthesis stage using ATP and NADPH to fix CO2 into sugars.

Species that thrive in stable environments, have few offspring, offer parental care, and live longer.

Species that thrive in unstable environments, have many offspring, provide little parental care, and have shorter lifespans.

A factor that affects population growth, influenced by population size.

A factor that affects population growth, regardless of population size.

Study of factors influencing population size and changes over time.

Study of interactions between different species within a community.

Non-living component of an ecosystem (e.g., weather, temperature).

Living component of an ecosystem (e.g., plants, animals).

The actual portion of the fundamental niche a species occupies due to competition and interactions with other species.

A dry area on the leeward side of a mountain range caused by moist air rising, cooling, and releasing precipitation on the windward side.

When individuals of different species compete for a resource that limits their survival and reproduction.

An interaction where one organism (predator) kills and eats another organism (prey).

An interaction where an herbivore eats parts of a plant or alga.

An interaction where one organism (parasite) derives nourishment from another organism (host) while harming it.

A mutually beneficial interaction between two different species.

An interaction where one species benefits, while the other is neither harmed nor helped.

A process where a country shifts from high birth and death rates to low rates as it develops.

The amount of energy that successfully moves from one trophic level to the next, typically around 10%.

The species with the highest abundance in a community, based on either population size or biomass.

A species that has a significantly larger impact on the ecosystem's structure than its abundance might suggest.

The process where life colonizes an entirely barren land, like a new volcanic island.

The recovery of a disturbed ecosystem, like a forest after a fire.

When an inhibitor molecule blocks the active site of an enzyme, preventing the substrate from binding.

When an inhibitor molecule binds to a different site on an enzyme, causing its shape to change and reduce activity.

The range of wavelengths of light that are most effective in driving photosynthesis. Violet-blue and red light are most effective.

A process that reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis, particularly in hot, dry environments. It occurs when plants use oxygen instead of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.

Plants that have evolved a mechanism to minimize photorespiration. They use a spatial separation of carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle.

Plants that have evolved a mechanism to conserve water in arid environments. They use a temporal separation of carbon fixation (at night) and the Calvin cycle (during the day).

The process by which a proton gradient across a membrane is used to drive ATP synthesis. This happens in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

A group of genes in bacteria that code for enzymes involved in the metabolism of lactose. It includes a promoter, operator, and genes for lactose-metabolizing enzymes.

After replication, the number of chromosomes remains the same, but the number of chromatids doubles. Each chromosome now consists of two identical sister chromatids.

The lac operon is regulated by lactose. It is an inducible operon, meaning it is usually turned off but can be turned on in the presence of lactose. Lactose acts as an inducer, binding to the repressor protein and preventing it from binding to the operator, allowing transcription to proceed.