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Questions and Answers
What is the difference between the atomic number and the mass number of an element?
What is the difference between the atomic number and the mass number of an element?
The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom, while the mass number represents the total number of protons and neutrons.
Explain how to determine the number of neutrons in an atom of an element.
Explain how to determine the number of neutrons in an atom of an element.
Subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
Describe the difference between an exothermic and an endothermic reaction.
Describe the difference between an exothermic and an endothermic reaction.
An exothermic reaction releases energy into the surrounding environment, causing a temperature increase, while an endothermic reaction absorbs energy from the surrounding environment and results in a decrease in temperature.
Explain why the first shell of an atom can only hold up to 2 electrons, while the second shell can hold up to 8.
Explain why the first shell of an atom can only hold up to 2 electrons, while the second shell can hold up to 8.
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If an atom gains an electron, what happens to its overall charge? Explain your answer.
If an atom gains an electron, what happens to its overall charge? Explain your answer.
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- Atoms contain equal numbers of protons and electrons
- All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons
- Atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons
- Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus
- Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells
- The first shell can hold up to 2 electrons
- The second and third shells can hold up to 8 electrons
- Mass number = number of protons and neutrons
- Atomic number = number of protons
- Number of neutrons = Mass number − Atomic number
Energy Transfers in Chemical Reactions
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed
- In chemical reactions, energy can be released to or absorbed by the environment
- Exothermic reactions release energy, making the surroundings hotter
- Endothermic reactions absorb energy, making the surroundings cooler
- Hand warmers use exothermic reactions to warm hands
- Cold packs use endothermic reactions to keep hands cool
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to atomic structure, including the arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons in atoms. Additionally, it explores energy transfers in chemical reactions, differentiating between exothermic and endothermic processes. Test your knowledge on these fundamental principles of chemistry.
