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Questions and Answers
What is the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the properties of that element?
What is the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the properties of that element?
What is the positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom?
What is the positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom?
What is a substance that consists of only one type of atom?
What is a substance that consists of only one type of atom?
What is the term for the force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound?
What is the term for the force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound?
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What is a notation that represents the ratio of atoms in a molecule or compound?
What is a notation that represents the ratio of atoms in a molecule or compound?
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What is the sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule or compound?
What is the sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule or compound?
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What is an example of a molecule composed of different elements?
What is an example of a molecule composed of different elements?
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What is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements?
What is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the properties of that element.
- Atoms consist of:
- Protons: positively charged particles in the nucleus (center) of the atom.
- Neutrons: particles with no charge in the nucleus.
- Electrons: negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus.
Elements
- An element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom.
- Elements are represented by a unique symbol (e.g., H for Hydrogen, C for Carbon).
- Elements can exist in different forms, called isotopes, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
Molecules
- A molecule is a group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
- Molecules can be composed of atoms from the same element (e.g., O2) or different elements (e.g., H2O).
- Molecules have a fixed ratio of atoms, which is represented by a chemical formula (e.g., H2O for water).
Compounds
- A compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements.
- Compounds have a fixed ratio of atoms, which is represented by a chemical formula.
- Compounds have properties that are different from their individual component elements.
Key Concepts
- Chemical bond: a force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound.
- Chemical formula: a notation that represents the ratio of atoms in a molecule or compound.
- Molecular weight: the sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule or compound.
Examples
- Element: Oxygen (O)
- Molecule: Oxygen molecule (O2)
- Compound: Water (H2O)
- Molecule composed of different elements: Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Atomic Structure
- An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains its properties.
- Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons orbiting around it.
Elements
- An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom.
- Each element has a unique symbol, such as H for Hydrogen and C for Carbon.
- Elements can exist in different forms called isotopes, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
Molecules
- A molecule is a group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
- Molecules can be made up of atoms from the same element or different elements.
- The ratio of atoms in a molecule is represented by a chemical formula, such as H2O for water.
Compounds
- A compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements.
- Compounds have a fixed ratio of atoms, which is represented by a chemical formula.
- Compounds have properties that are different from their individual component elements.
Key Concepts
- A chemical bond is a force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound.
- A chemical formula is a notation that represents the ratio of atoms in a molecule or compound.
- Molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule or compound.
Examples
- Oxygen is an element with the symbol O.
- Oxygen molecule (O2) is an example of a molecule made up of atoms from the same element.
- Water (H2O) is an example of a compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an example of a molecule made up of atoms from different elements.
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Description
Learn about the basic building blocks of matter, including atoms, protons, neutrons, electrons, and elements. Understand the properties and representations of elements.
