Atomic Structure and Bonds Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the number of protons in an atom determine?

  • The identity of the atom (correct)
  • The stability of the nucleus
  • The mass of the atom
  • The reactivity of the atom
  • Which particle's charge is responsible for the net charge of an atom?

  • Both protons and neutrons
  • Electrons (correct)
  • Protons (correct)
  • Neutrons
  • What is the mass of a neutron compared to that of a proton?

  • Negligible
  • Equal to 0.0005
  • Equal to 1 (correct)
  • Less than an electron
  • What aspect of atomic structure does the periodic table primarily convey?

    <p>The atomic number of elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the mass number of an element often appear as a decimal on the periodic table?

    <p>It represents the average mass of isotopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following particles contributes to the stability of an atom's nucleus?

    <p>Protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines isotopes of an element?

    <p>Same number of protons, different number of neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons are present in all isotopes of Carbon?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula of methane gas?

    <p>CH4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the methane molecule, how many pairs of shared electrons exist between carbon and each hydrogen atom?

    <p>One</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of hydrogen to carbon in methane gas?

    <p>4:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is formed between hydrogen and carbon in methane?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What visual representation is used to indicate a covalent bond?

    <p>A straight line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen atoms are bonded to the central carbon atom in a methane molecule?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the sharing of electrons in methane?

    <p>Carbon shares one pair of electrons with each hydrogen atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall molecular structure of methane?

    <p>Tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes elements?

    <p>Elements are substances made up of only one type of atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary contribution of John Dalton to atomic theory?

    <p>Atoms are indivisible and indestructible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the atom did Ernest Rutherford discover?

    <p>Atoms contain a dense, positively charged nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Niels Bohr refine Rutherford's atomic model?

    <p>By defining that electrons orbit in fixed paths around the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes protons?

    <p>They are positively charged particles in the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes electrons in an atom?

    <p>They have a negative charge and are much lighter than protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the type of atom?

    <p>The number of protons in the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atomic model is characterized by electrons being embedded in a positive 'pudding'?

    <p>Plum pudding model.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of electrons in a neutral chlorine atom?

    <p>2, 8, 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do two chlorine atoms form a covalent bond?

    <p>They share electrons to fill their outer shells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for chlorine gas?

    <p>Cl2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons does a neutral oxygen atom have?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed between two oxygen atoms?

    <p>Double covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of electrons in a neutral carbon atom?

    <p>2, 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are double covalent bonds represented in chemical formulas?

    <p>Two straight lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do two atoms share to achieve a full outer shell in a covalent bond?

    <p>Electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many additional electrons does a carbon atom need to achieve a full outer shell?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do both atoms achieve when they form a covalent bond?

    <p>They have a full outer shell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following molecules is a single covalent bond present?

    <p>Cl2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of electrons in a neutral molecule of oxygen gas (O2)?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a hydrogen atom need to achieve a full first shell?

    <p>Two electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond does methane (CH4) contain?

    <p>Single covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Atomic Structure

    • The atom is made up of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
    • Protons are positively charged and are found in the nucleus.
    • Neutrons have no charge and are also found in the nucleus.
    • Electrons are negatively charged and orbit the nucleus.
    • The number of protons in an atom defines the element.
    • The mass of an atom is determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons.
    • The charge of an atom is determined by the ratio of protons to electrons.
    • The ratio of neutrons to protons influences the stability of an atom.

    Isotopes

    • Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.
    • For example, carbon has three known isotopes: Carbon-12, Carbon-13, and Carbon-14.
    • The mass number shown on the periodic table is the average mass of all isotopes of an element.

    Covalent Bonding

    • Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell.
    • No ions are formed and atoms remain neutral.
    • Chlorine gas (Cl2) forms a single covalent bond by sharing a pair of electrons.
    • Each chlorine atom has 17 electrons, arranged 2, 8, 7.
    • Oxygen gas (O2) forms a double covalent bond by sharing two pairs of electrons.
    • Each oxygen atom has 8 electrons, arranged 2, 6.
    • Methane (CH4) forms four single covalent bonds, with each hydrogen atom sharing a pair of electrons with the central carbon atom.
    • Each hydrogen atom has 1 electron, while carbon has 6 electrons, arranged 2, 4.
    • The ratio of elements in a covalent compound is determined by the number of valence electrons each atom needs to achieve a full outer shell.

    Covalent Bonding: Water (H2O) & Ammonia (NH3)

    • Water (H2O) is a covalent compound with two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom.
    • Ammonia (NH3) is a covalent compound with three hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one nitrogen atom.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on atomic structure, isotopes, and covalent bonding. This quiz covers key concepts of subatomic particles, the significance of isotopes, and how atoms interact to form bonds. Perfect for students studying chemistry.

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