Atomic Structure and Bonding Quiz

<p>22 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To become more stable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different number of neutrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both are found in the nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The atomic number represents the number of protons, which is the same for all atoms of an element. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molecules can dissolve sugar, creating a homogeneous mixture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bond forms a dipole moment, with one end slightly positive and the other slightly negative. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NH3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packaging and sorting of cellular products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a high proportion of C-H bonds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The solution with a pH of 3 is 10 times more acidic than the solution with a pH of 5. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of protons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are hydrophobic and therefore not soluble in water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfer of electrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (H2O) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A phospholipid is composed of a glycerol molecule linked to two fatty acid tails and a phosphate group. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storage of genetic information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>body; meiotic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sixteen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>prometaphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>anaphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>animal; plant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sugar and phosphate molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>adenine and thymine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>carries an amino acid at one end (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uracil; ribose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digestion of worn-out organelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microtubules and microfilaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrophobic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell shrinks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is reduced (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes can catalyze multiple types of reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having multiple binding sites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (O2) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electron transport chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hierarchy from atom to organ includes atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, and organ.

Compartments within cells that perform specific functions.

A group of cells that work together to perform a common function.

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom.

Atoms of the same element that differ in their number of neutrons.

An atom that has gained or lost electrons, giving it a charge.

Weak bonds important for the shape of proteins and nucleic acids.

The symbol 3CO2 represents 3 molecules of carbon dioxide.

Sacs of enzymes that digest worn out organelles.

Structures that facilitate movement in eukaryotic cells.

Process by which white blood cells devour disease agents.

Area in lipid bilayer where tails point inward, excluding water.

Movement of ions against a concentration gradient.

Energy tends to disorganize systems, increasing entropy.

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

NAD+ gains electrons and becomes NADH.

First step in energy production from glucose, yielding pyruvate.

Final stage of respiration where ATP is generated from electrons.

Process where DNA makes a copy of itself.

Cells with two sets of chromosomes.

ATP production linked to H+ gradients across a membrane.

Enzyme with multiple binding sites affecting its activity.

Anaerobic process that produces ATP and regenerates NAD+.

A substance formed from two or more different elements chemically bonded.

A molecule with a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other.

A bond formed through the transfer of electrons between atoms, leading to attraction between charged ions.

A bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Substances that are attracted to water and can dissolve in it.

Substances that repel water and do not dissolve in it.

A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic).

A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water.

A group of two or more atoms bonded together.

The part of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is produced.

An element that is not a compound, simple and essential.

Carbon can form four covalent bonds due to its four outer electrons.

A molecule that carries genetic instructions for life.

Fatty substances that are energy sources and make up cell membranes.

Potassium tends to give away an electron, while Chloride tends to take one to form an ionic bond.

Somatic cells are body cells; germ cells are meiotic cells.

If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, cells after mitosis will also have 16 chromosomes.

The correct order of mitosis is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Prometaphase is when the nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes interact with microtubules.

During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

Cytokinesis involves cleavage furrows in animal cells and cell plates in plant cells.

Each DNA strand has a backbone of sugar and phosphate molecules.

Complementary base-pairing in DNA occurs between adenine and thymine, and cytosine and guanine.

mRNA carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to ribosomes, linking them into polypeptides.