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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason for the large decrease in first ionisation energy between elements R and S?
What is the primary reason for the large decrease in first ionisation energy between elements R and S?
- R has a smaller atomic number than S.
- R has a full outer lower sub-level. (correct)
- S has a completely filled outer shell.
- S has a higher electron affinity than R.
Which statement correctly explains why element H has a lower first ionisation energy compared to element G?
Which statement correctly explains why element H has a lower first ionisation energy compared to element G?
- H's electron configuration is more stable than that of G.
- H is a noble gas while G is a transition metal.
- H has fewer electrons than G.
- G has a half-filled 2p sub-level which is more stable. (correct)
Which of the following explains the trend of increasing electronegativity across a period in the periodic table?
Which of the following explains the trend of increasing electronegativity across a period in the periodic table?
- Increasing effective nuclear charge. (correct)
- Increasing atomic radius.
- Decreasing effective nuclear charge.
- Decreasing electron shielding effect.
Which of the following compounds does not contain intermolecular hydrogen bonds?
Which of the following compounds does not contain intermolecular hydrogen bonds?
What is the main reason why the boiling point of ammonia is significantly lower than that of water?
What is the main reason why the boiling point of ammonia is significantly lower than that of water?
What happens to the ionisation energy as you move from left to right across a period?
What happens to the ionisation energy as you move from left to right across a period?
Which of the following pairs illustrates an exception to the general trend of ionisation energy in the second period?
Which of the following pairs illustrates an exception to the general trend of ionisation energy in the second period?
Why is the ionisation energy of Boron less than that of Beryllium?
Why is the ionisation energy of Boron less than that of Beryllium?
What is the Second Ionisation Energy?
What is the Second Ionisation Energy?
What would be expected when removing the first electron from potassium considering its electron configuration?
What would be expected when removing the first electron from potassium considering its electron configuration?
Why does the second ionisation energy increase significantly after the first electron is removed from potassium?
Why does the second ionisation energy increase significantly after the first electron is removed from potassium?
What general trend does the ionisation energy exhibit when an electron is removed from filled subshells?
What general trend does the ionisation energy exhibit when an electron is removed from filled subshells?
Which of the following elements would generally have the highest ionisation energy?
Which of the following elements would generally have the highest ionisation energy?
What primarily causes the decrease in electronegativity as you move down a group in the Periodic Table?
What primarily causes the decrease in electronegativity as you move down a group in the Periodic Table?
Which trend describes why electronegativity increases across a period?
Which trend describes why electronegativity increases across a period?
Which group of elements is known for having very low first ionization energy values?
Which group of elements is known for having very low first ionization energy values?
What is the general reaction of alkali metals with water?
What is the general reaction of alkali metals with water?
As you go down the alkali metal group, which property increases with reactivity?
As you go down the alkali metal group, which property increases with reactivity?
What product is formed when potassium reacts with oxygen?
What product is formed when potassium reacts with oxygen?
What effect does decreasing atomic radius have across a period regarding electronegativity?
What effect does decreasing atomic radius have across a period regarding electronegativity?
Why do alkali metals not occur free in nature?
Why do alkali metals not occur free in nature?
What is the primary reason Alkali Metals are stored under oil?
What is the primary reason Alkali Metals are stored under oil?
Which statement accurately describes the trend in reactivity of Alkali Metals?
Which statement accurately describes the trend in reactivity of Alkali Metals?
What trend is observed for the electronegativity of Halogens as you move down the group?
What trend is observed for the electronegativity of Halogens as you move down the group?
Which Halogen is known to be the most electronegative?
Which Halogen is known to be the most electronegative?
What does the first ionisation energy value of an element represent?
What does the first ionisation energy value of an element represent?
Why is the first ionisation energy of silicon greater than that of aluminum?
Why is the first ionisation energy of silicon greater than that of aluminum?
What experimental evidence supports the existence of energy levels in atoms?
What experimental evidence supports the existence of energy levels in atoms?
What happens to the first ionisation energy as you move from carbon to silicon?
What happens to the first ionisation energy as you move from carbon to silicon?
What happens to the atomic radius as you move down a group in the Periodic Table?
What happens to the atomic radius as you move down a group in the Periodic Table?
Which factor primarily causes the decrease in atomic radius across a period?
Which factor primarily causes the decrease in atomic radius across a period?
How do atomic radii and ionisation energy trends correlate across a period?
How do atomic radii and ionisation energy trends correlate across a period?
Which statement best describes the ionisation energy trend down a group?
Which statement best describes the ionisation energy trend down a group?
What is the main reason for the increase in the first ionisation energy across a period?
What is the main reason for the increase in the first ionisation energy across a period?
What role do inner electrons play in determining the ionisation energy?
What role do inner electrons play in determining the ionisation energy?
What describes the atomic radius and ionisation energy trends as you move from left to right across a period?
What describes the atomic radius and ionisation energy trends as you move from left to right across a period?
Which of the following would result in a lower first ionisation energy?
Which of the following would result in a lower first ionisation energy?
Flashcards
Atomic Radius Trend
Atomic Radius Trend
Atomic radius increases down a group and decreases across a period in the periodic table.
Atomic Radius Definition
Atomic Radius Definition
Half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together.
Ionization Energy Trend (Down a Group)
Ionization Energy Trend (Down a Group)
Ionization energy decreases down a group because electrons are further from the nucleus, and the shielding effect increases.
Ionization Energy Trend (Across a Period)
Ionization Energy Trend (Across a Period)
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Ionization Energy Definition
Ionization Energy Definition
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Screening Effect
Screening Effect
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Effective Nuclear Charge
Effective Nuclear Charge
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Atomic Radius
Atomic Radius
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Atomic Radius & Ionization Energy
Atomic Radius & Ionization Energy
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Ionization Energy Exceptions (Period 2)
Ionization Energy Exceptions (Period 2)
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Second Ionization Energy
Second Ionization Energy
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Electron Shielding
Electron Shielding
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Energy Levels and Ionization Energy
Energy Levels and Ionization Energy
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Sublevel Stability
Sublevel Stability
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Potassium's First Ionization Energy
Potassium's First Ionization Energy
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Electron Configuration and Ionization Energy
Electron Configuration and Ionization Energy
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Electronegativity Trend (Groups)
Electronegativity Trend (Groups)
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Electronegativity Trend (Periods)
Electronegativity Trend (Periods)
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Alkali Metals Reactivity
Alkali Metals Reactivity
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Alkali Metal Reactivity Trend
Alkali Metal Reactivity Trend
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Alkali Metal Reaction with Oxygen
Alkali Metal Reaction with Oxygen
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Alkali Metal Reaction with Water
Alkali Metal Reaction with Water
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Alkali Metal Storage
Alkali Metal Storage
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First Ionization Energy
First Ionization Energy
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Why Does Silicon Have a Higher Ionization Energy than Aluminum?
Why Does Silicon Have a Higher Ionization Energy than Aluminum?
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Why Does Silicon Have a Lower Ionization Energy than Carbon?
Why Does Silicon Have a Lower Ionization Energy than Carbon?
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Halogen Reactivity Trend
Halogen Reactivity Trend
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Halogen Properties
Halogen Properties
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Evidence for Energy Levels from Ionization Energies
Evidence for Energy Levels from Ionization Energies
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Electronegativity
Electronegativity
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Factors affecting electronegativity across a period
Factors affecting electronegativity across a period
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Hydrogen bonding
Hydrogen bonding
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Why ammonia has lower boiling point than water
Why ammonia has lower boiling point than water
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Half-filled and completely filled electron sublevels
Half-filled and completely filled electron sublevels
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Study Notes
Atomic Radii Trends
- Atomic radius is half the distance between two nuclei of the same atom bonded together.
- Atomic radius increases down a group due to increasing energy levels that are further from the nucleus, and the shielding effect of the inner electrons reducing the pull on outer electrons.
- Atomic radius decreases across a period due to an increase in effective nuclear charge. The nucleus pulls outer electrons closer, making atoms smaller.
Ionization Energy Trends
- First ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a neutral gaseous atom.
- Ionization energy decreases down a group because increasing atomic radius means the outermost electrons are further from the attractive force of the nucleus.
- Ionization energy increases across a period due to increased effective nuclear charge pulling the outermost electron more strongly, and decreasing atomic radius.
- Atoms with half filled or filled outer electron shells require more energy to remove an electron, making them more stable.
Exceptions
- There are exceptions to these general trends, particularly in the second period where subtle differences in electron configurations lead to variations in ionization energy. For example, there's a dip in ionization energy between Beryllium and Boron.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of atomic radii and ionization energy trends with this quiz. Understand how these properties change across periods and down groups in the periodic table while examining the underlying principles like effective nuclear charge and energy levels. Test your knowledge on the factors influencing these important atomic characteristics.