Atomic Number and Synthesis of New Elements in the Laboratory

What type of nuclear reaction involves at least two atomic nuclei combining into a single nucleus?

Which scientist organized elements in groups called triads?

In which type of nuclear reaction does a neutron convert into a proton accompanied by the emission of a beta particle?

Which type of decay involves an excited nucleus returning to its ground state by emitting a high-energy photon?

What did John Newlands propose for organizing elements?

Which process involves the splitting of an atomic nucleus into two or more lighter nuclei?

'Alpha Decay' is most likely to occur in nuclei with what characteristic?

'Beta Decay' involves the conversion of what subatomic particle into another?

'Gamma Emission' is characterized by the emission of what type of particle?

'Nuclear reactions' may involve which of the following as bombarding particles?

Atomic Number and Synthesis of New Elements

The concept of atomic number led to the synthesis of new elements in the laboratory
Atomic number is crucial in identifying the new element's identity in the periodic table

Discovery of Atomic Particles

J.J. Thomson discovered electrons, also known as "corpuscles"
Ernest Rutherford conducted the gold foil experiment
James Chadwick discovered the neutron

Development of Periodic Table

Johann Döbereiner grouped elements into "triads"
The periodic table is organized into groups (vertical columns) and periods (horizontal rows)
Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids occupy different regions of the periodic table

Limitations of Dobereiner's Triads

Only 5 triads were identified
Newly discovered elements did not fit into the triads
Even several known elements did not fit into any triads

Synthesis of the Elements

The invention of the cyclotron enabled the artificial transmutation of one element into another
The cyclotron was used to synthesize new elements, including transuranic elements
Examples of synthesized elements include Nihonium (Nh), Moscovium (Mc), Tennessine (Ts), and Oganesson (Og)

Nuclear Reactions

Nuclear reactions involve a change in an atomic nucleus' identity or characteristics
Bombarding particles must have enough energy to approach the positively charged nucleus
Bombarding particles can be alpha particles, gamma-ray photons, neutrons, protons, or heavy ions

Nuclear Fusion and Fission

Nuclear fusion occurs when at least two atomic nuclei combine into a single nucleus
Nuclear fission occurs when an atomic nucleus splits into two or more lighter nuclei

Radioactive Decay

Alpha decay occurs when nuclei with mass numbers greater than 200 emit alpha particles
Beta decay occurs when a neutron is converted into a proton, accompanied by beta particle emission
Gamma emission occurs when an excited nucleus returns to its ground state, accompanied by high-energy photon emission

Explore how the concept of atomic number has contributed to the synthesis of new elements in laboratory settings. Learn to identify the different elements produced through synthesis and understand the significance of atomic number in determining the identity of new elements on the periodic table. Review key discoveries related to atomic particles by scientists like J.J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford.