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Questions and Answers
What defines the element of an atomic nucleus?
What defines the element of an atomic nucleus?
- The total number of nucleons
- The number of protons in the nucleus (correct)
- The number of neutrons in the nucleus
- The total mass number
Which of the following statements about alpha particles is true?
Which of the following statements about alpha particles is true?
- They have greater penetrating power than beta particles
- They are high-energy electrons
- They can be stopped by a thick metal barrier
- They consist of two protons and two neutrons (correct)
How do beta particles generally compare to alpha particles?
How do beta particles generally compare to alpha particles?
- They can be stopped by a sheet of paper
- They are lighter and move faster (correct)
- They are heavier and slower
- They have a lower penetrating power
What is the charge of an alpha particle?
What is the charge of an alpha particle?
What results from the weak nuclear force during beta decay?
What results from the weak nuclear force during beta decay?
Flashcards
Nucleons
Nucleons
The fundamental subatomic particles that make up the nucleus of an atom.
Proton
Proton
A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons determines the element.
Neutron
Neutron
A neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom. Along with protons, they determine the mass number.
Alpha Particle
Alpha Particle
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Beta Particle
Beta Particle
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Study Notes
General Composition of Atomic Nuclei
- Atomic nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons, collectively known as nucleons.
- Protons carry a positive electric charge, while neutrons are electrically neutral.
- The number of protons in the nucleus defines the element.
- The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus determines the mass number.
Alpha Particles
- An alpha particle is a helium nucleus.
- It consists of two protons and two neutrons.
- Alpha particles carry a double positive charge (+2).
- Alpha particles are relatively massive compared to other types of radiation.
- They are relatively slow-moving.
- Alpha particles have a limited range in matter. They can be stopped by a sheet of paper or a few centimeters of air.
Beta Particles
- Beta particles are high-energy electrons or positrons.
- Electrons are negatively charged (-1), while positrons are positively charged (+1).
- Beta particles are much lighter than alpha particles.
- Beta particles are much faster than alpha particles.
- Beta particles have a greater penetrating power than alpha particles. They can penetrate through aluminum foil or a few millimeters of lead.
- They arise from the weak nuclear force.
- Beta decay is associated with a transformation of a neutron into a proton (or a proton into a neutron) within the nucleus.
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