Atomic Combinations and Chemical Bonding

Atomic Combinations

Types of Atomic Combinations

• Atoms: The building blocks of matter, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Molecules: Two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
• Compounds: Molecules composed of atoms from different elements.

Chemical Bonding

• Chemical Bond: The attractive force that holds atoms together in a molecule.
• Types of Chemical Bonds:
  • Ionic Bond: Formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
  • Covalent Bond: Formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Molecular Formulas

• Molecular Formula: A notation that indicates the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule.
• Empirical Formula: The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a molecule.
• Structural Formula: A notation that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Properties of Atomic Combinations

• Physical Properties:
  • Melting Point: The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid.
  • Boiling Point: The temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas.
• Chemical Properties:
  • Reactivity: The ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions.
  • Solubility: The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.

Atomic Combinations

• Atoms are the building blocks of matter, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Molecules are formed when two or more atoms are chemically bonded together.

Chemical Bonding

• A chemical bond is the attractive force that holds atoms together in a molecule.
• There are two types of chemical bonds:
  • Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
  • Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Molecular Formulas

• A molecular formula is a notation that indicates the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule.
• An empirical formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a molecule.
• A structural formula shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Properties of Atomic Combinations

• Physical properties of atomic combinations include:
  • Melting point, which is the temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid.
  • Boiling point, which is the temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas.
• Chemical properties of atomic combinations include:
  • Reactivity, which is the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions.
  • Solubility, which is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.