Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding

Synthesis reaction

Mole ratios are used to determine the quantities of substances involved in a reaction.

The solute is the substance being dissolved, while the solvent is the substance doing the dissolving.

<p>A reaction between an acid and a base which forms a salt and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substance loses electrons in oxidation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enthalpy is a measure of the heat content of a system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exothermic reactions release heat and have a negative change in enthalpy (ΔH).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mole ratios, molar mass, and avogadro's number</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, creating ions, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, also known as the atomic number, uniquely defines the element. Each element has a specific number of protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a solid, the particles are closely packed and vibrate in fixed positions. In a gas, the particles are far apart and move randomly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. They have the same number of protons but vary in atomic mass due to the varying number of neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reactants are the substances that undergo a chemical change. Products are the new substances formed as a result of the chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metallic bonds involve electrons shared among all atoms in a metallic structure forming a 'sea' of electrons while ionic and covalent bonds are more localized between atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase changes include melting, freezing, vaporization, and condensation. They are influenced by temperature; adding heat can cause a solid to melt or a liquid to vaporize, while removing heat can cause a gas to condense or a liquid to freeze.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number. Elements in the same column (group) share similar chemical properties, while elements in the same row (period) have increasing atomic numbers and properties that vary in a predictable way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.

The positively charged center of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.

The negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.

The process by which atoms bond together to form molecules.

A substance composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

A change in the arrangement of atoms, resulting in the formation of new substances.

The orderly arrangement of elements based on their atomic number and properties.

A state of matter characterized by a fixed shape and volume, with particles tightly packed and vibrating.

A chemical reaction where two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

A chemical reaction where a single reactant breaks down into two or more products.

Chemical reaction that involves the exchange of one element for another in a compound.

A chemical reaction where two reactants exchange ions, creating two new compounds.

A chemical reaction where a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen, producing heat and light.

Chemical reaction that occurs when an acid reacts with a base, forming a salt and water.

A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution.

A chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between reactants.