Atmospheric Composition and Processes Quiz

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What are some of the pollutants that have increased markedly in the atmosphere as a result of human activities since 1750?

CO2, CH4, N2O, and fluorinated gases

What are the time-weighted average concentrations in µg/m³ for Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)?

Annual*: 40, 24 hours**: 60

What is the time-weighted average concentration in µg/m³ for Particulate Matter (size less than 10 µm) or PM10 for 24 hours**?

80

What is the time-weighted average concentration in µg/m³ for Ozone (O3) in ambient air for 8 hours*?

100 Signup and view all the answers

What is the annual time-weighted average concentration in µg/m³ for Carbon Monoxide (CO)?

8 hours*: 2, 1 hour**: 4 Signup and view all the answers

What are the annual time-weighted average concentrations in µg/m³ for Arsenic (As) and Nickel (Ni)?

Arsenic (As): 6, Nickel (Ni): 20 Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of particulate (aerosols) found in the atmosphere?

Dust, smoke, fog, mists, fume Signup and view all the answers

Name some gases and odors that contribute to atmospheric pollution.

SOx, NOx, CO, CO2, halogen compounds, hydrocarbons, radioactive compounds Signup and view all the answers

What type of gases are known as GREENHOUSE GASES (GHG)?

Gases with absorptive wavelengths in the spectrum of terrestrial radiation Signup and view all the answers

How does the Earth's energy budget describe the balance of energy?

Between radiant energy incoming from the sun and energy flowing out to space Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the sun's energy is reflected back to space?

About 30 percent Signup and view all the answers

What type of electromagnetic spectrum does most of the sun's incoming energy fall under?

Visible portion Signup and view all the answers

How is Particulate Matter (PM) measured in air pollution?

By drawing a sample through an inlet designed to exclude particles larger than a certain size and collecting it on a filter for 24 hours. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) filter in air pollution measurement?

The TSP filter is used only for lead measurement. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of measuring Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) in air using the West-Gaeke method.

A known volume of air is bubbled through a solution of sodium tetrachloromercurate, which forms a complex with SO2. The solution is then treated with pararosaniline to determine the concentration. Signup and view all the answers

How is Ozone (O3) measured in air using the chemiluminescent reaction?

The air is mixed with ethylene, which reacts with ozone in a light-emitting reaction. Signup and view all the answers

What are some improvements made in vehicular technology to reduce air pollution?

Improvements include Euro standards, CNG vehicles, and 4-stroke engines. Signup and view all the answers

Why was lead phased out of gasoline throughout the country since 2000?

Lead was phased out to reduce air pollution and its harmful effects on health. Signup and view all the answers