Chemistry - Atmosphere

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Questions and Answers

Which gas is present in both the early atmosphere and today's atmosphere?

  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen (correct)
  • Sulfur
  • Carbon dioxide (correct)

Today's atmosphere contains more sulfur than the early atmosphere.

False (B)

Name one gas that was present in the early atmosphere but is not present in today's atmosphere.

Sulfur

In the early atmosphere, there was a significant amount of ________ vapor.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gases to whether they were present in the early atmosphere or today's atmosphere:

<p>Oxygen = Today's atmosphere Methane = Both Water vapor = Both Carbon dioxide = Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant component released by volcanoes that contributed to the formation of the early atmosphere?

<p>Water vapor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Liquid water is not essential for life.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process increased the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere from 3,000 million years ago?

<p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The formation of _____ was a key event that occurred when water vapor cooled and condensed.

<p>oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following time periods with their corresponding events in atmospheric development:

<p>3,500 million years ago = Volcanic gases released into the atmosphere 3,500 to 3,000 million years ago = Formation of oceans 3,000 to 500 million years ago = Increase in oxygen from photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gases was NOT a primary component released by volcanoes in the early Earth's atmosphere?

<p>Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The early atmosphere of Earth is most similar to the present-day atmosphere of Jupiter.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What crucial process that evolved significantly increased the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere?

<p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of water vapor cooling and condensing led to the formation of the ______.

<p>oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following time periods with the corresponding atmospheric events:

<p>Around 3,500 million years ago = Volcanoes released gases forming the early atmosphere. 3,500 to 3,000 million years ago = Water vapor condensed to form oceans. 3,000 to 500 million years ago = Photosynthesis increased oxygen levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The early Earth's atmosphere was primarily composed of oxygen.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gases is NOT a primary component of the early Earth's atmosphere as described in the content?

<p>Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _______ layer protects life on Earth from harmful UV rays from the sun.

<p>ozone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of gases in the early Earth's atmosphere?

<p>Volcanoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gases with their approximate percentages in today's atmosphere (as shown in the diagram):

<p>Oxygen = 21% Nitrogen = 78% Other Gases = 1% Carbon Dioxide = 0.04% Water Vapor = Variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

The early Earth's atmosphere contained significant amounts of oxygen.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered to be the primary source of gases in the early Earth's atmosphere?

<p>Volcanoes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What layer filters harmful UV rays from the sun?

<p>ozone</p> Signup and view all the answers

The early atmosphere of Earth had very little or no ______.

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements about Earth's early atmosphere with their corresponding truthfulness:

<p>There was little or no oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere when it was young = True Gases in the early atmosphere only came from oceans. = False Scientists are certain that the early atmosphere was mainly carbon dioxide = False The early atmosphere contained only carbon dioxide, water and perhaps oxygen = False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered greenhouse gases?

<p>Methane, Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The greenhouse effect is an entirely human-made phenomenon that is detrimental to life on Earth.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of electromagnetic radiation does the Earth primarily re-emit after absorbing solar radiation?

<p>infrared radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the outgoing ________ radiation.

<p>infrared</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Greenhouse gases = Gases in the atmosphere that trap heat. Infrared radiation = Electromagnetic radiation re-emitted by the Earth. Solar radiation = Electromagnetic radiation from the sun that is absorbed by the Earth. Greenhouse effect = The trapping of heat by gases in the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to some of the sun's radiation after it reaches Earth?

<p>Some is reflected back into space, and some is absorbed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall impact of increased greenhouse gases on Earth's temperature?

<p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

<p>Nitrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The greenhouse effect is entirely harmful to life on Earth.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of radiation is primarily trapped by greenhouse gasses?

<p>infrared radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The natural greenhouse effect ensures that ________ on Earth can survive.

<p>life</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a product of complete combustion?

<p>Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and water ($H_2O$) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incomplete combustion always produces a blue flame.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical name for the carbon particles produced as a result of incomplete combustion?

<p>soot</p> Signup and view all the answers

Combustion that occurs with limited oxygen is called ______ combustion.

<p>incomplete</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of combustion with its characteristics:

<p>Complete Combustion = Produces $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ Incomplete Combustion = Produces carbon monoxide and soot</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complete combustion results in the production of carbon particles (soot).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of flame is produced during incomplete combustion?

<p>yellow/orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most atmospheric pollutants are generated from the _________ of fuels.

<p>combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of combustion with its description:

<p>Complete Combustion = Occurs with a blue flame and produces only $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ Incomplete Combustion = Occurs with a yellow/orange flame and produces $CO_2$, $H_2O$, carbon particles, and $CO$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pollutants is a primary contributor to acid rain?

<p>Sulfur dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carbon particulates primarily cause climate change by trapping infrared radiation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for nitric oxides as mentioned in the document?

<p>NOx</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels is a source of ______, which decreases the oxygen carrying capacity of blood.

<p>carbon monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pollutants with their primary effects:

<p>Carbon particulates = Breathing difficulties and dirty surfaces Carbon dioxide = Traps heat in the atmosphere Carbon monoxide = Reduces blood's ability to carry oxygen Sulfur dioxide = Causes acid rain Nitric oxides = Respiratory problems and smog</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pollutant is mainly caused by road traffic and power plants, as well as by natural lightning?

<p>Nitric oxides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Burning wood is a source of carbon particles in the atmosphere.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of carbon dioxide on the environment?

<p>Traps infrared radiation and contributes to climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes led to the significant increase of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere?

<p>Photosynthesis by Marine Plants and Surface Plants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The early atmosphere of Earth initially contained a large percentage of nitrogen.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evidence suggests that oxygen started appearing in the atmosphere around 2.5 billion years ago?

<p>Rocks containing iron oxide (Fe₂O₃)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the early atmosphere, the intense ______ was a primary source of carbon dioxide.

<p>volcanic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gases with their approximate percentages in today's atmosphere:

<p>Nitrogen = 78% Oxygen = 21% Argon = 0.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Early Atmosphere Composition

Consisted mainly of nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur, and methane.

Today's Atmosphere Composition

Made up of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor, and methane.

Nitrogen

A major component in both early and today's atmosphere, making up around 78% now.

Oxygen

A gas that was absent in the early atmosphere but is essential for life today.

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Methane

Present in both early and today's atmosphere, a greenhouse gas with significant warming potential.

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Volcanic Contribution

Volcanoes released water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and ammonia to form the early atmosphere.

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Formation of Oceans

Water vapor cooled and condensed, creating oceans essential for life.

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Importance of Liquid Water

Liquid water is critical for life; fossil evidence shows life began in oceans.

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Photosynthesis Evolution

Photosynthesis in plants and algae increased atmospheric oxygen over time.

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Nutrients from CO2

Carbon dioxide dissolved in oceans provided nutrients essential for aquatic life.

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Volcanic Activity

Volcanoes released gases like water vapor and carbon dioxide to form the early atmosphere.

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Early Atmosphere Similarity

The early atmosphere was similar to Mars and Venus's atmospheres.

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Origin of Oceans

Oceans formed when water vapor cooled and condensed.

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Role of Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis increased oxygen in the atmosphere significantly.

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Nutrients for Life

Dissolved carbon dioxide in oceans provided nutrients for aquatic life.

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Early Earth Atmosphere

Had little or no oxygen and was mostly gases from volcanic eruptions.

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Ozone Layer Function

It filters harmful UV rays from the sun.

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True Statement T1

The early atmosphere had little or no oxygen.

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True Statement T2

Gases in the early atmosphere primarily originated from volcanoes.

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False Statement F3

The oceans warming did not relate directly to the early atmosphere.

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False Statement F4

Scientists are uncertain if carbon dioxide was the main gas.

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False Statement F5

The early atmosphere included more than just CO2, water, and oxygen.

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Harmful UV Rays

Ultraviolet rays from the sun that are filtered by the ozone layer.

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Ozone Layer

The ozone layer protects the Earth by filtering harmful UV rays from the sun.

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Volcanic Origin

Gases in the early atmosphere primarily originated from volcanic activity.

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Composition Unknown

The early atmosphere was likely more complex than just CO2, water vapor, and oxygen.

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Greenhouse Effect

The process by which certain gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, warming the planet.

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Greenhouse Gases

Gases like methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor that enhance the greenhouse effect.

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Sun's Radiation

Energy from the sun that heats the Earth and is partially absorbed and re-emitted as infrared radiation.

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Infrared Radiation

Energy emitted by the Earth after absorbing sunlight, which can be trapped by greenhouse gases.

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Heat Trapping

The process by which greenhouse gases retain some of the Earth's infrared radiation, increasing temperatures.

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Natural Greenhouse Effect

A beneficial phenomenon that keeps Earth’s temperature suitable for life by trapping heat.

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Increased Greenhouse Gases

More greenhouse gases lead to enhanced warming, contributing to climate change.

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The Greenhouse Effect

The process where greenhouse gases trap heat from the Earth, raising its temperature.

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Complete Combustion

A type of combustion where a blue flame occurs, producing CO2 and H2O.

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Incomplete Combustion

Combustion with limited oxygen leading to a yellow/orange flame, producing soot and CO.

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Products of Complete Combustion

CO2 and H2O are the main products from complete combustion.

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Products of Incomplete Combustion

Includes CO2, H2O, soot, and carbon monoxide due to insufficient oxygen.

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Soot Formation

Carbon particles produced during incomplete combustion, often seen as black residue.

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Carbon Particulates

Airborne particles often released by burning fossil fuels and wood, causing health issues.

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Carbon Dioxide

A greenhouse gas produced from burning fossil fuels that contributes to global warming.

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Carbon Monoxide

A toxic gas generated from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, dangerous to health.

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Sulfur Dioxide

A gas produced by burning fossil fuels containing sulfur, leading to acid rain.

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Nitric Oxides

Pollutants from road traffic and power plants that can cause respiratory problems.

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Breathing Difficulties

Health issues caused by airborne particulates, affecting respiratory function.

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Acid Rain

Rain that is acidic due to pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides.

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Oxygen Development

Oxygen began to form as marine plants used COâ‚‚ for photosynthesis, releasing Oâ‚‚.

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Evidence of Early Oxygen

Presence of iron sulfide and later iron oxide in ancient rocks indicates Oâ‚‚ levels rising.

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Current Atmosphere Composition

Today's atmosphere consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 0.4% argon.

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Study Notes

Atmosphere Gases

  • Early atmosphere gases: nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur, methane
  • Today's atmosphere gases: oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor, methane

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