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Questions and Answers
Who was the king of the Aztecs when Cortés took over?
Who was the king of the Aztecs when Cortés took over?
Vasco de Gama was the first Portuguese explorer to reach the Americas.
Vasco de Gama was the first Portuguese explorer to reach the Americas.
False
What was Mansa Musa known for in relation to the trade in the Sahara desert?
What was Mansa Musa known for in relation to the trade in the Sahara desert?
He was very rich from the salt and gold trade.
Which statement best describes the role of Europe in the Atlantic System?
Which statement best describes the role of Europe in the Atlantic System?
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Christopher Columbus sailed for the ________ in his voyage to find riches in India.
Christopher Columbus sailed for the ________ in his voyage to find riches in India.
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Match the following explorers with their achievements:
Match the following explorers with their achievements:
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Martin Luther believed that people could obtain forgiveness through good deeds and performing sacraments.
Martin Luther believed that people could obtain forgiveness through good deeds and performing sacraments.
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What was the primary focus of the Protestant Reformation?
What was the primary focus of the Protestant Reformation?
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The __________ system allowed Europe to trade silver from the Americas for access to Eurasian markets.
The __________ system allowed Europe to trade silver from the Americas for access to Eurasian markets.
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Match the following historical figures with their contributions:
Match the following historical figures with their contributions:
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What was Hernán Cortés known for?
What was Hernán Cortés known for?
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Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1492.
Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1492.
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What significant event took place in 1453?
What significant event took place in 1453?
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In 1492, Columbus mistakenly thought he had reached _____ instead of the New World.
In 1492, Columbus mistakenly thought he had reached _____ instead of the New World.
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Match the following individuals with their contributions:
Match the following individuals with their contributions:
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Which method did the Spanish use in their expansion in the Americas?
Which method did the Spanish use in their expansion in the Americas?
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The Thirty Years' War was primarily fought between Protestant and Islamic forces.
The Thirty Years' War was primarily fought between Protestant and Islamic forces.
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What did Martin Luther post in 1517 that initiated the Reformation?
What did Martin Luther post in 1517 that initiated the Reformation?
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The _____ was a movement led by Martin Luther that aimed to reform the Catholic Church.
The _____ was a movement led by Martin Luther that aimed to reform the Catholic Church.
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What was the outcome of the Diet of Worms in 1521?
What was the outcome of the Diet of Worms in 1521?
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Who believed that man is inherently bad and advocated for an absolute monarchy?
Who believed that man is inherently bad and advocated for an absolute monarchy?
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Martin Luther's 95 Theses criticized the practices of the Roman Catholic Church.
Martin Luther's 95 Theses criticized the practices of the Roman Catholic Church.
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What is the ‘Invisible hand of the market’?
What is the ‘Invisible hand of the market’?
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John Locke believed that humans learn from experience, describing the mind as a blank __________.
John Locke believed that humans learn from experience, describing the mind as a blank __________.
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Match the following figures with their contributions:
Match the following figures with their contributions:
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Which event marks the execution of King Louis XVI?
Which event marks the execution of King Louis XVI?
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The Council of Trent aimed to reform and clarify the teachings of the Protestant churches.
The Council of Trent aimed to reform and clarify the teachings of the Protestant churches.
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Who was the author of 'Wealth of Nations'?
Who was the author of 'Wealth of Nations'?
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The Enlightenment thinker __________ believed that government should be 'for the people, of the people, by the people.'
The Enlightenment thinker __________ believed that government should be 'for the people, of the people, by the people.'
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What was the primary purpose of Piri Reis's maps?
What was the primary purpose of Piri Reis's maps?
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Vasco de Gama was responsible for establishing trade control over the Indian Ocean.
Vasco de Gama was responsible for establishing trade control over the Indian Ocean.
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What significant question did Martin Luther raise in his 95 Theses?
What significant question did Martin Luther raise in his 95 Theses?
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The __________ was the period of religious and political upheaval in Europe initiated by Martin Luther.
The __________ was the period of religious and political upheaval in Europe initiated by Martin Luther.
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Match the following explorers with their discoveries:
Match the following explorers with their discoveries:
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Study Notes
Exam Prep: Study Notes
- Exam Format: Multiple choice, maps, passage identification (Locke, Rousseau, Hobbes, Chinese merchant virtues), essay themes, trade/economy, religion, forces of rule/ideology, intellectual movements, technology, and architecture.
Atlantic World (Chapter 12)
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Key Figures: Moctezuma II (Aztec king), Mansa Musa (Mali king), Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Hernan Cortes, Johannes Gutenberg
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European Exploration: Europeans sought new trade routes after the Ottoman Empire's conquest of Constantinople. Portugal explored the African coast, established trade, and later controlled the Indian Ocean trade (Vasco da Gama). Spain focused on the Americas, establishing colonial rule, and exploiting resources (Cortés and Columbus).
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Conquest and Colonization: European powers used superior weaponry, disease, and political divisions to conquer indigenous populations in the Americas. Methods varied between Portugal and Spain, with Portugal establishing taxation systems rather than direct conquest.
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Atlantic System: Europe, Africa, and the Americas formed an interconnected trading network where Africa provided slaves, the Americas provided resources, and Europe provided technology.
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Protestant Reformation: The Reformation, initiated by Martin Luther's 95 Theses, challenged Catholic Church authority, leading to internal conflict in Europe and religious division.
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Counter-Reformation: The Catholic Church responded to the Reformation with the Counter-Reformation, aiming to regain authority.
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Ottoman Empire: The Ottoman Empire's expansion was a significant factor in global trade, controlling important trade routes and rivaling European powers.
Reformation (Chapter 13)
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Key Figures: Martin Luther, John Calvin, Gustavus Adolphus
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Causes of Reformation: Challenging Church authority over individual faith, the role of the printing press in spreading ideas, Church corruption (selling indulgences), and desire to read scripture directly.
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Protestantism: A new Christian denomination arose, challenging the Catholic Church's practices and interpretation of scripture. Central tenets of Protestantism were that salvation is achieved through faith alone, not sacraments or good deeds.
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Thirty Years' War (1618-1648): Europe-wide conflict between Protestant and Catholic forces, resulting in the Peace of Westphalia, which allowed for religious pluralism.
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John Calvin: A key figure in the Reformation and proponent of predestination.
Enlightenment (Chapter 14)
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Key Figures: Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, Adam Smith
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Enlightenment Thinkers: Different Enlightenment thinkers held differing views on human nature and the ideal form of government; Hobbes favored absolute monarchy, Locke believed in natural rights and a limited government. Rousseau supported a government "for the people, by the people".
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Scientific Revolution and Method: Enlightenment thinkers emphasized reason, observation, and experimentation, which was fueled by the scientific revolution. Newton's laws of motion provided a model for understanding the natural world.
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Philosophical Ideas: Important Enlightenment ideas included the social contract and the concept of natural rights. This period emphasized reason and observation, questioning traditional authorities.
Age of Revolutions (Chapter 15)
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Key Figures: King Louis XVI, Robespierre, Karl Marx, Charles Fourier
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French Revolution: A period of radical social and political change in France, marked by the execution of King Louis XVI and the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. This period represented a challenge to the traditional hierarchies of power and an acceptance of revolution.
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Ideological Changes: The French revolution led to ideas of revolutionary change, challenging aristocratic power. Karl Marx's critique of capitalism and the rise of utopian socialism arose during these changes.
Age of Ideology/Restoration Era
- (No specific details provided)
Indo-Pacific World
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Key Figures: James Cook, Shimai Soshitsu
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Interactions in East Asia: British exploration and colonization in Australia. Japanese societal views on age, as shown in Shimai's primary source.
Additional Notes
- Important Dates & Events: Significant historical events and dates (1453, 1492, 1517, 1789, etc.) should be reviewed for context.
- Key Terms: Review terms and concepts relating to the topics covered (Protestantism, Counter-Reformation, etc.)
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Description
Prepare for your exam with this comprehensive review of Chapter 12 on the Atlantic World. Focus on key figures and themes such as European exploration, conquest, and colonization. Understand the impacts of trade and technology as well as intellectual movements that influenced the era.
