Atherosclerosis Lecture Objectives

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What is the main pathological process underlying atherosclerosis?

Inflammation of the arterial wall

Smooth muscle cell proliferation

Endothelial injury (correct)

Thrombus formation

Which of the following is considered an emerging risk factor for atherosclerosis?

Diabetes Mellitus

Physical inactivity (correct)

Dyslipidemia

Hypertension

In relation to blood vessel wall function, what is the significance of progressing morphological changes?

Impaired function (correct)

Enhanced elasticity

Increased strength

Decreased perfusion

Which of the following is NOT a major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis?

Age Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the thickening and loss of elasticity seen in atherosclerosis?

Endothelial dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is considered a constitutional major risk factor for atherosclerosis?

Genetic Factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in atherosclerosis according to the provided text?

Endothelial injury Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT involved in the interaction during lesion progression in atherosclerosis as described in the text?

B lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of fatty streaks in atherosclerosis as per the text?

Raised yellow lesions with minimal lipid content Signup and view all the answers

Following lipid accumulation within macrophages, what do they respond by releasing as described in the text?

Inflammatory cytokines Signup and view all the answers

What leads to smooth muscle cell recruitment in atherosclerosis, as mentioned in the text?

Factors released from activated platelets, macrophages, and vascular wall cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor lesion to atheroma according to the provided information?

Fatty streaks Signup and view all the answers

What is the color imparted by thrombus superimposed on ulcerated plaques?

Red-brown Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the principal components of atherosclerotic plaques?

Platelets Signup and view all the answers

Which type of atheromatous plaque is characterized by thickened, dense collagenous fibrous caps and minimal inflammation?

Stable plaques Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes vulnerable plaques from stable plaques?

Thin fibrous caps and large lipid cores with necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of hemorrhage into an atherosclerotic plaque?

Rapid plaque expansion Signup and view all the answers

What can result from critical stenosis in atherosclerosis?

Organ ischemia Signup and view all the answers

What can cause aneurysmal dilatation of the arterial wall in atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis-induced pressure Signup and view all the answers

What can result from thromboembolism in atherosclerosis?

Tissue infarction Signup and view all the answers